SPONGES, GRAPTOLITES, CORALS. 85 
Colaumnaria.] 
This species is readily distinguished from the preceding form (L. typa Winchell 
and Schuchert) by its thinner corallum, smaller and more unequal corallites, and 
the obliquity of their apertures. The last isa strongly marked feature of the species, 
especially near the margins of the corallum. JL. typa also occupies a lower horizon 
in the shales. 
Formation and locality.--Galena shales, near Cannon Falls, Minnesota. The type specimen is in the 
collection of Mr. Ulrich. 
Cotumnaria (?) HALLI Nicholson. 
PLATE G, FIGS. 14-16. 
1832. Columnaria alveoluta EATON (non GOLDFUSs). Geological Text Book, p. 131, pl. 4. 
1842. Columnaria Emmons. Geology of New York; Rep. Second District, p. 276, fig. 2. 
1847. Columnaria alveolata HALL (non GOLDFUSS). Paleontology of New York, vol. i, p. 47, pl. 12, 
z figs. la—le. 
1857. Columnaria alveolata BILLINGS. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. i, p, 124. figs. 9, 10. 
1863. Columnaria alveolata BILLINGS. Geology of Canada, p. 139, fig. 70, and pp. 938, 954. 
1875. . Columnaria alveolata NICHOLSON. Palzxontology of the Province of Ontario, pp. 8, 24. 
-1876. Columnaria alveolata ROMINGER. Fossil Corals of Michigan, p. 89, pl. 34, figs. 1, 2, 4. 
1879. Columnaria (?) halli NICHOLSON. Paleozoic Tabulate Corals, p. 200, fig. 29, pl. 10, figs. 3, 3a. 
Description —‘Corallum forming large massive colonies which vary from a few 
inches to several feet in diameter, and which are composed of variously-sized polygonal 
corallites, in close contact with one another throughout their entire length. The 
walls of the corallites are not excessively thickened, and they are so completely 
amalgamated in contiguous tubes that even under the microscope the original lines 
of demarcation between the tubes can be made out with difficulty or not at all. The 
large tubes are usually from two to three lines in diameter, though occasionally con- 
siderably more than this ; and the smaller corallites are of all sizes. Septa marginal, 
in the form of obtuse longitudinal ridges which vary in number from twenty to 
forty, do not extend to any distance into the visceral chambers, and are not divisible 
into an alternating longer or short series. Tabulze strong, horizontal and complete, 
about half a line apart or sometimes closer. Mural pores not recognized with 
certainty.” 
“YT am disposed to doubt very strongly if the present form can be referred to 
Columnaria at all, and whether it is not truly a perforate coral congeneric with 
Nyctopora, Nicholson.” (Nicholson, op. cit., p. 200.) 
Columnaria alveolata Goldfuss (not Hall) and Favistella stellata Hall, are synony- 
mous according to Milne-Edwards and Haime, and Nicholson. The latter writer 
says: “It is quite certain, however, that the Trenton limestone coral just alluded 
to [C. alveolata of American paleontologists] is not the form described originally 
by Goldfuss, and carefully figured by him under the name of Columnaria alveolata 
(Petref. Germ., pl. xxiy, fig, 7), On the contrary, the latter is almost certainly iden- 
