BRYOZOA. 311 
Constellaria] 
Genus CONSTELLARIA, Dana. 
Constellaria, DANA, 1848, Zoophytes, p. 537; NICHOLSON, 1879, Pal. Tab. Corals, p. 292; 1881, Genus 
. Monticulipora, p. 97; Utricu, 1882, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 
vol. v, p. 156; 1883, idem, vol. vi, p. 265; 1890, Geol. Surv. Il1., vol. viii, 
aad pp. 374, 423; JAMES and JAMES, (part.) 1888, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 
vol. xi, p. 29.* 
Stellipora, DyBowskI, 1877. Die Chetetiden d.Ostb. Silur. form., p. 42. 
Zoaria subramose or frondescent, growiig erect from a basal expansion which 
is attached to foreign bodies. Surface with stellate macule, the spaces between the 
rays more or less elevated and occupied by two or three short rows or clusters of 
closely approximated zocecial apertures. Zocecia with rather thin walls, small 
circular apertures enclosed by an elevated rim, equally distributed and partly in 
contact with each other in the spaces between the macule. Interspaces depressed; 
mesopores abundant, aggregated in the macule, always closed at the surface, with 
gradually crowding horizontal diaphragms. Zocecial tubes with fewer diaphragms. 
True acanthopores wanting, but exceedinly minute tubuli, increasing in number 
with age, are to be detected in the interspaces by means of tangential sections. 
Type: C. florida Ulrich. 
Of this genus I am now acquainted with eight good species and three or four 
varieties that group themselves around C. florida. The earliest known occurs in 
the Pierce limestone of Tennessee. ‘This is very much like the Minnesota Trenton 
species next described, but as it has not yet been critically studied it may prove 
quite distinct. A variety of C. florida occurs in the upper Trenton beds at Nashville, 
Tennessee, and in Canada, and other varieties occur abundantly with the typical 
form of the species in the lower half of the Cincinnati rocks. C. fischeri Ulrich, is a 
Kentucky form from about the same horizon. In the upper part of the Hudson 
river group in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, we meet with C. polystomella 
Nicholssn, and C. limitaris Ulrich, and with two undescribed species at Wilmington, 
Illinois. This locality furnished also the types of C. parva Ulrich. These species 
are all separated easily from each other by means of intelligently prepared thin 
sections. 
CONSTELLARIA VARIA, 7%. Sp. 
PLATE XXI, FIGS .1-7. 
Zoarium consisting of one or more irregularly dividing branches arising from a 
broad basal expansion. Branches usually compressed, generally from 8 to 10 mm. 
wide, but varying between the extremes of 3and15mm. Maculw large, irregularly 
*1 consider the work of James and James referred to above as unworthy of such quotation, and that its citation 
among reputable works on the Bryozoa is to dignify it with an attention far beyond its deserts. But the possibility 
that others may be able to discover merits which I cannot may be sufficient @Xcuse for its inclusion in the bibliography. 
