BRACHIOPODA. 391 
Strophomena rugosa (Rafinesque Ms.)] 
1887. Strophomena planumbona (partim) SHALER. Memoirs, Kentucky Geological Survey, p. 13, 
1892. Strophomena rugosa ae tes of New York, vol. viii, pt. i, p. 247, figs. 13, 14. 
1892. Strophomena planumbona or rugosa HALL. Ibidem, p. 251, pl. 1x, figs, 15-17; pl. x1A, figs. 8, 9. 
From the examination made by Prof. Hall (op. cit., 1892,) it appears that this 
widely-distributed species was never described- by Rafinesque. Undoubtedly the 
latter sent to Blainville or Defrance, or both, specimens of it, with the name Sfro- 
phomena rugosa attached. The species is now well known as S. planumbona Hall. 
Blainville, 1825, was the first to give a diagnosis of Strophomena (loc. cit.), using as 
the type “8. rugosa Rafinesque,” of which he gives two good figures. These have 
been reproduced by Prof. Hall (op. cit., 1892). In 1827 a description was given of 
this species in the “Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles” by “D. F.,” probably 
Defrance. King, 1850, (op. cit.) called attention to the fact that Strophomena rugosa 
(Rafinesque) Blainville and Leptena planumbona Hall are one and the same species. 
A similar conclusion was also reached by Meek in 1873 (op. cit., p. 78).. The follow- 
ing is the description of S. rugosa of Defrance, which is copied from Paleontology of 
New York, vol. viii, pt. i, p.247: “Strophoméne rugueuse; Strophomenes rugosa Rafin- 
esque. Coquille bombée en dessous, et dont la valve supérieure est un peu concave 
et chargée de petites stries rayonnantes. Largeur, un pouce. Fossile de l’Amérique 
septentrionale. On voit une figure d’une coquille de cette espéce dans l’atlas de ce 
dictionnaire, planche de fossiles. Des coquilles de ce genre, qu’on trouve a Dudley en 
Angleterre, ont de trés-grands rapports avec cette espéce; elles en different pourtant 
en ce que le bord ce celles d’Amérique se retrousse un peu en dessous, tandis que c’est 
le contraire pour celles d’Angleterre, dont le bord s’abaisse en dessous. On trouve a 
Vembouchure de la riviére des Alleghanys prés de Pittsborough (Amérique septentri- 
onale), dans un grés rougeatre, des empreintes de coquilles qui ont beaucoup de rap- 
ports avec cette espéce, mais qui sont plus aplaties.”’ 
“Shell of medium size, concavo-convex, semi-oval or more than semi-circular in 
outline; hinge line generally a little longer than the breadth of the valves at any 
point farther forward; lateral extremities, in most examples, somewhat less than 
rectangular, or sometimes rather acute, more or less compressed and deflected; 
lateral margins a little contracted posteriorly and rounding to the front, which 
forms a regular semi-circular curve. 
“Dorsal valve flat [or somewhat depressed] in the umbonal region, and rather 
strongly and evenly convex in the central and anterior regions, from which it rounds 
off abruptly to the front and lateral margins; beak very small or not distinct from 
the edge of the narrow or sublinear area, which is inclined nearly directly backward, 
but not incurved. Interior showing the cardinal process to be small, depressed, 
divided to its base into two diverging tooth-like parts, a little flattened [or concave and 
