BRACHIOPODA. 395 
Strophomena trilobata.] 
zg STROPHOMENA TRILOBATA Owen, sp. 
PLATE XXXI, FIGS. 12 and 13. 
1852. Leptena trilobata OWEN. Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 584, 
: pl. 1, figs. 17, 18. 
1877. Strophomena trilobata MILLER. American Paleozoic Fossils, p. 138. 
Original description: “This species was at first referred to the species deltoidea, 
but the form is so decidedly different in several respects that it seems to constitute 
a distinct species. Dorsal valve broadly trilobate, very gibbous in front and depressed 
towards the hinge-line; margin undulating, semioval; ventral valve concave; hinge- 
line extended; fine and equally radiating striew, partaking of the curvature of the 
surface of the shell. 
“The outline of this shell is much more undulating, shell more gibbous and 
broader, and more distinctly trilobate than the de/toidea. 
“Tt occurs in the shell-beds F. 3A, near the Agency, on the Turkey river, lowa.” 
Owen’s illustrations, and his statement that the shell is “very gibbous in front 
and depressed towards the hinge-line,” leaves very little doubt that S. trilobata is 
identical with a species occurring in the middle beds of the Galena in Minnesota. 
It is true that associated with these specimens are also very gibbous examples of 
Rafinesquina deltoidea. These, however, are never as flat on the central disc nor have 
they the nasute anterior margin of S. trilobata. To S. fluctuosa this species is closely 
related, but can be distinguished by the following features: The flat central disc is 
comparatively smaller, the shell anteriorly is twice as long and incurved, while in 
S. fluctuosa it is always flat, and the ventral cardinal area is strongly retrose. The 
interior characters and the corrugation of the flat central disc are, as far as can be 
determined, essentially as in S. fluctuosa. 
Formation and locality——The species is abundant in the middle beds of the Galena horizon, but 
since it usually occurs as natural casts it is not often gathered by collectors. It occurs at Kenyon and 
elsewhere in Goodhue county, Mantorville, Old Concord and near Rochester, Minnesota. Turkey river 
Iowa. Probably also in the Galena of Wisconsin. 
Collectors.—A. D. Meeds, W. H. Scofield, M. W. Harrington and N. H. Winchell. 
Mus. Reg. Nos. 208, 293, 369, 371, 391, 7253, 8189, 8190. 
STRoPHOMENA FLUCTUOSA Billings. 
PLATE XXXI, FIGS. 14-17. 
1860. Strophomena fluctuosa BILLINes. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. v, p. 57, fig. 6 
1862. Strophomena fluctuosa BILLINGS. Paleozoic Fossils, vol. i, p. 123, fig. 102.- 
1863. Strophomena fluctuosa BILLINGS. Geology of Canada, p. 209, fig. 207. 
1892. Strophomena fluctuosa HALL. Palxontology of N. Y., vol. viii, pt. i, p. 251, pl. x1A, figs. 4, 5. 
