408 THE PALEONTOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 
(Triplecia. 
Formation and locality.—Common in the Hudson River group at, and two miles east of, Spring 
Valley, Minnesota. Rather rare in the middle and upper portion of the same formation in Ohio and 
Indiana. 
Collectors.—W. H. Scofield, E. O. Ulrich and the writers. Also in the collection of Dr. C. H. 
Robbins, Wykoff, Minnesota. 
Mus. Reg. Nos. 4098, 8155. 
Genus TRIPLECIA, Hall. 
1858. Triplesia, HALL. Twelfth Report New York State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 44, figs. 1-3. 
1892. Triplecia, HALL. Palwontology of New York, vol. viii, pt. i, p. 269. 
Description: “Shell trilobate, transverse, unequally biconvex. Hinge-line straight 
and quite short. Pedicle valve shallow, convex about the beak, but depressed anter- 
iorly by a broad and deep median sinus; cardinal area low, erect and well defined; 
delthyrium covered by a narrow convex for flat] plate, with a circular foramen at 
the apex. In the interior the teeth are well developed and supported by short dental 
lamellz longitudinally dividing the umbonal cavity near the apex. Muscular area 
small, comprising two lateral scars, separated by a longer central adductor impres- 
sion. The brachial valve is very convex and bears a strong median fold. The car- 
dinal area is very narrow and the beak closely incurved. In the interior is an erect 
cardinal process, which is deeply bifurcated, the distal extremity of each branch 
bearing a single deep groove. This process is supported on a subrostral callosity, 
which also bears two short spiniform crural points at its base. Shell substance 
fibrous, impunctate(?). Surface with obscure concentric growth lines, and fine 
radiating strize on the inner lamine; in rare instances there are radiating lines 
on the exterior. 
“Type: Atrypa extans Emmons.” (Hall, 1892, op. cit.) 
Plicated species of this genus are unusual, T'riplecia being characterized mainly 
by smooth forms. T. radiata Whitfield and the following new species are the only 
ones known in America. In Britain there is but one, Triplecia sporiferoides McCoy, 
sp., from the Upper Llandeilo and Caradoc, and another, 7. cava Barrande, sp., from 
Etage D, of Bohemia. One is unwilling at first to regard these plicated species as 
congeneric with the smooth forms, but upon examination it is seen that the generic 
characters common to the one section are also present in the other. They were 
derived from smooth forms, since all of the nepionic and early neologic growth is 
without a trace of plications, they being first introduced during the later neologic 
stages. 
Species of T'riplecia are known from the Calciferous to the Upper Silurian. 
