BRACHIOPODA. 445 
Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, var. emacerata.] 
central Kentucky, and near Nashville, Tennessee; New York and eastern Canada. In the Salmon River 
group, or Lorraine shales, at Graf, Iowa; Iron Ridge, Wisconsin; Cincinnati, Ohio; New York; Anticosti, 
and Silver City, New Mexico; Chazy groupof New York and Canada. It is also found in Lower Silurian 
rocks in England, Scotland, Ireland, Sweden and on the island of Sardinia. 
Mus. Reg. Nos. 790, 3511, 4035, 5856, 6766, 6806, 7892-7896, 7898-7909. 
Ortuis (DALMANELLA) TESTUDINARIA, Var. EMACERATA Hall. 
PLATE XXXIII, FIGS. 23 and 24. 
1860. Orthis emacerata HALL. Thirteenth Report, N. Y. State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 121. 
1862. Orthis emacerata HALL. Ibidem, Fifteenth Report, pl. 11, figs. 1-3. 
1862. Orthis emacerata BiLLines. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. vii, p. 393. 
1874. Orthis cyclus JAMES. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, vol. i, p. 19. 
1875. Orthis emacerata MILLER. Ibidem, vol. ii, p. 24. 
1883. Orthis emacerata HALL. Second Annual Report, New York State Geologist, pl. xxxrv, 
figs. 14, 15. 
1892. Dalmanella emacerata HALL, Paleontology of New York, vol. viii, pp. 207, 224, pl. vC, figs. 1, 2. 
1892. Orthis macrior SARDESON. Bulletin of the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. iii, 
p- 330, pl. v, figs. 5-7. 
Original description: “Shell semielliptical, length and width about as five to 
seven; hinge-line nearly equaling the width of the shell. Dorsal valve flat, with a 
slight depression down the center; area extremely narrow. Ventral valve depressed- 
convex, slightly elevated at the beak, which is inclined over the area, but scarcely 
incurved; an undefined elevation, extending from the umbo toward the front and 
sometimes quite to the margin of the shell; area narrow, almost linear. 
“Surface finely striated; strie bifurcating, curving upwards and running out 
on the hinge-line. Interior of the dorsal valve with two small teeth and a small 
cardinal process; valves thin. 
“This species has the form and general characters of Orthis testudinaria, but the 
shell is much thinner than that species ordinarily is in the same formation, and the 
strie are finer, there being at least twenty more on the margin in shells of equal 
size. The depression in the center of the dorsal valve and elevation in the center 
of the ventral valve are far less conspicuous or scarcely marked in some specimens, 
while the hinge-line is always proportionately longer than in 0. testudinaria.” For 
further remarks see O. testudinaria. 
Formation and locality.—Rare in the Hudson River group at Spring Valley and Granger, Minnesota. 
It is common at Cincinnati at a horizon about 300 feet above the low water mark of the Ohio river; St. 
Croix, Quebec. 
Collectors.—W, H. Scofield and the writers. 
Mus. Reg. Nos. 7917, 7934. 
OrTHIs (DALMANELLA) TESTUDINARIA, var. MEEKI Miller. 
PLATE XXXIII, FIGS. 25—29. 
1873. Orthis emacerata MEEK (non Hall). Palwontology of Ohio, vol, i, p. 109, pl. vim, figs. 1, 2. 
1875, Orthis meeki MILLER. Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, vol. ii, p. 20. 
