BRACHIOPODA. 469 
Spiriferidz.] 
4. uphami is the transitional species between Z. recurvirostra and Z. erratica 
Hall,* and Z. headi Billings and its varieties borealis and anticostiensis.+ Its nearest 
relations are with Z. erratica. from which it differs in being narrower, of smaller 
size, less quadrate in outline and without a sinus near the anterior margin of the 
ventral valve. Z. headi is a large, elongate species, more strongly biconvex, with 
the sinus of the dorsal valve far less conspicuous; var. borealis differs at once in its 
greater length and tumid umbo; var. anticostiensis has a more swollen umbo and its 
point of greatest convexity is near the mid-length, while in Z. wphami it is close to 
the posterior margin. The latter also has a shallow, rapidly expanding mesial 
‘sinus, which is obsolete or not present in var. anticostiensis. Named in honor of 
Mr. Warren Upham, of Somerville, Mass., for several years an assistant on the 
Minnesota survey. 
Formation and locality.—This species seems to be abundant, but is restricted to beds only a few feet 
in thickness, near the middle of the Galena horizon at Weisebach’s dam near Spring Valley, and near 
Wykoff and Fountain, Minnesota; also in equivalent position in Goodhue county. 
Collectors.—W. H. Scofield, E. O. Ulrich and C. Schuchert. Also in the collection of Dr. C. H. 
Robbins, Wykoff, Minnesota. 
Mus. Reg. Nos. 8227. 
Family SPIRIFERIDA‘, King. 
Subfamily SUESSIIN 44, Waagen. 
Genus CYCLOSPIRA.+ 
The important diagnostic character of Cyclospira is the nature of the calcified 
brachial supports. The primary lamelle are straight at their point of origin from 
the crura, thence continuing anteriorly nearly parallel to each other, and recurving 
somewhat laterally. The Minnesota example in which the brachial supports have 
been developed does not show a complete revolution of the primary lamella, but in 
a specimen from New York, developed by Mr. John M. Clarke, there are about two 
and one-half turns to the spiral. This specimen also shows that the second and 
third turns are somewhat medially directed or introverted. There appears to be a 
complete loop joining the primary lamellz near their point of origin with the crura 
in the Minnesota example, but in the New York example the loop appears to be 
represented by two prongs or remnants of a loop, as in Spirifer. These differences, 
if correctly ascertained, should be regarded as of generic value; but, since the shells 
from the two localities are alike exteriorly, we believe that when more material from 
Minnesota is investigated they will prove to be structurally in harmony with the 
eastern specimens. 
*Orthis erratica Hall. Pal. N. Y., vol. i, p. 288, pl. UXxrx, figs. 5a-5f, 1847. 
+ Pal. Foss., vol. i, p. 147, figs. 125-127, 1862. 
#The generic description of this genus will be published in Pal. N. Y., vol. viii, pt. ii. The type species is Orthis 
bisuleata Emmons. 
