HISTORY OF EUROPE. 



245 



Tvhich took place on the 13th of 

 March.* This is one of the least, 

 if not the very least, violent of po- 

 litical revolutions that we meet with 

 in history. It was effected without 

 the loss of a single life ; and with 

 the deprivation of liberty only to 

 the king, and a few of his adhe- 

 rents. The duke of Sudermania, the 

 king's uncle, assumed the govern- 

 ment under the title of regent, and 

 was afterwaicb chosen by the 

 states king, in the room of his ne- 

 phew. A new constitution was 

 formed, by which the encroach- 

 ments of Gustavus 3rd, were done 

 away, and the ancient rights of the 

 different states of therealm restored. 

 The new king declared his deter- 

 mination not to consent to any 

 peace with Russia, that should be 

 disgraceful to Sweden, or oblige 

 her to take up arms against her 

 faithful ally Great Britain. The 

 war between Russia and Sweden 

 was accordingly renewed. The 

 courage and gallantry of the brave 

 Swedes were opposed in vain to 

 the courage and the numbers of the 

 Russians. Peace between Sweden 

 and Russia, purchased by great 

 sacrifices of territory on the part of 

 the former.f was concluded on the 

 17th of September. Peace was 



• See State Papers, p 685. 



also concluded between Sweden 

 and France, but not till Uie 6th 

 January 1810. By this, Swedish 

 Pomerania, with the principality of 

 Riigen, and their dependencies, 

 were restored to Sweden. The for- 

 mer commercial relations between 

 the two countries were restored. 

 France was to have the right of 

 establishing an emporium at Go- 

 thenburg. The king of Sweden 

 promised to adopt the continental 

 system, and to exclude from his 

 ports the English commerce. The 

 treaty was declared to be common 

 to their majesties, the kings of 

 Spain and the Indies, of the Two 

 Sicilies, and of Holland, and to 

 the Confederation of the Rhine. 



It has already been seen that b}' 

 the treaties of Vienna, and that 

 with Sweden, Russia added, this 

 year, to her vast empire Finland 

 and a part of Gallicia. She main- 

 tained the ground she had gained 

 in Moldavia and Wallachia. Her 

 armies advancing in the course of 

 conquest towards Constantinople, 

 after much hard battling with the 

 Turks, particularly a verj- desperate 

 action near Silistria, in Bulgaria, 

 were obliged to fall back, and re- 

 tire to the north side of the Da- 

 nube. 



t See the Treaty, State Papers, p. 726 



CHRONICLE. 



