TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii 



PAGE 



Effusive Igneous Masses 311 



Features of Basal Contact of Lava Sheets (311); Features 

 of Upper Surfaces of Lava Flows (313); i. Basic Lavas; 

 2. Acid Lavas 311--^ 17 



Minor Structural Characters of Volcanic Rocks 317 



Flow Structure; Stratification of Flows; Columnar Struc- 

 ture; Variation in Grain 317-319 



Bibliography VII 320 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Structure and Lithogenesis of the Atmogenic Rocks 322 



Snow 322 



Height of Snow-line (322) ; Altitude of Snowfall and of Snow- 

 line (323); Conversion of Snow into Ice 322-323 



Glaciers (Kinds and Character) 323 



Stratification of Ice (326) ; Shear Zones and Flow Struc- 

 ture 326-327 



Bibliography VIII 327 



CHAPTER IX. 



Original Structures and Lithogenesis of the True Aqueous or Hy- 



drogenic Rocks 329 



Oceanic Precipitates 330 



Chemical Deposits of the Deep Sea 330 



Chemical Lime and Magnesia Deposits 33 1 



Chemical Precipitation of Carbonate of Lime and Magnesia in 

 the Ocean (331); Table Showing Proportion of Dolomites to 

 Limestones in the Geological Series (333) ; Oolites and Pisolites 



of Chemical or purely Hydrogenic Origin 331-336 



Deposits in Enclosed or Nearly Enclosed Basins 338 



Chemical Limestone Deposits of Lakes in Arid Regions (338); 



Older Deposits of this Type 338-341 



Limestone Deposits from Rivers 341 



Deposits of Lime by Springs (342);' The Onyx Marble 342-344 



Underground Deposits of Lime . . : 3^5 



Method of Deposition of Lime from Solution 346 



Deposits of Marine Gypsum and Salt 347 



Experiments of Usiglio (348) ; Table Showing the Order of 



Separation of Salts from Sea Water 348-349 



The Bar Theory of Ochsenius (350) ; The Bitter Lakes of 



Suez an Example (352); The Karabugas Gulf 350-354 



Natural Salt Pans (354); Evaporation of Cut-offs from the 



Sea. 



• 354-355 



Non-calcareous Terrestrial Precipitates 1556 



Salt Lakes and Salinas (356); The "Salitrales" of Patagonia. . . .356-360 

 Deposits of Sodium Sulphate and Carbonate 361 



