TABLE OF CONTENTS xix 



PAGE 



Bedded Reefs 444 



Loss of Structure through Alteration of Reef Limestones 445 



Ball-stone Reefs 446 



Structures Formed by the Growth of vShell Colonies 447 



Tepee Buttes (447) ; Other Examples 447-449 



Bedded Zoogenic Deposits 449 



Crinoidal Limestones (449); Shell Limestones (449); Calcareous 



and Siliceous Oozes 449-450 



1. The Calcareous Oozes (450); Recent Foraminiferal Oozes 

 (450); Fossil Foraminiferal Oozes (453); Zoogenic Oolites 

 (455); Recent Pteropod Oozes; Fossil Pteropod Oozes; Ento- 

 mostracan Oozes; Coqpolith and Rhabdolith Oozes 450-456 



2. The SiHceous Oozes (457); Radiolarian Oozes (457); The 

 Jurassic Radiolarite of the Alps (459); Recent Diatomaceous 

 Oozes (460) ; Fossil Diatomaceous Earths of both Fresh and 

 Salt Water Origin 457-461 



Phosphate Deposits; Guano 461 



Bibliography X 461 



CHAPTER XL 



Character and Lithogenesis of Organic or Biogenic Rocks (Con- 

 tinued). Phytogenic Deposits 467 



Acaustophytoliths 467 



Deposits formed by Lime-Secreting Algs 467 



Modern Marine Forms (467) ; Order Cyanophyceas or Blue-Green 

 Algae (467); Phytogenic Oolites (467); Order Chlorophyceas 

 or Green Algse (469) ; Order Phasophyceae or Brown Algae (470) ; 

 Order Rhodophyceje or Floridae; Red Algae (470); Lime-secret- 

 ing Algse of Fresh Water 467-471 



Fossil Phytoliths of Algous Origin 471 



Fossil Ooliths (471); Rogensteine of the Bunter Sandstein 



(472); Alteration of Oolites 471-473 



Sphserocodium and Girvanella Deposits; Fossil Nullipores; 



Fossil Chara 474-475 



Travertine and Siliceous Sinter formed by Algae in Hot Springs . . . 475 



Method of Lime Deposition by Plants 475 



Separation of Siliceous Sinter by Plants 476 



Vegetal Deposits (CaustophytoHths) 478 



Petrographical Types of Vegetal Deposits 478 



vSapropcliths (478); Petroleum (480); Sapanthraconyte or Cannel 

 Coal (481); Jet {482); Black Shales (483); Sapropelcalcilyths 



Sapropelsilicilyth and Sapropel-ferrilyths 480-484 



Recent Humuliths 485 



Marine Marshes (487); Conversion of vSalt Peat into Coal 

 (493) ; Mangrove Marshes 487-494 



Fresh Water Swamps (494); Lake Swamps (495); Rivers and 



Estuarine Swamps 494-497 



Terrestrial Bogs (501); Forest Moors; Upland Bogs or High 

 Moors; the Arctic Tundras 501-507 



