xxviii TABLE OF CONTEXTS 



F. THE BIOSPHERE. 

 CHAPTER XXIV. 



PAGE 



Subdivision of the Biosphere. Classification and General Morpho- 

 logical Characters of Organisms 910 



Plants and Animals as Indicators of the Age of the Period in 



Which They Occur 911 



Classification of Plants and Animals 912 



Naming of Genera and Species (912); Pryority and Syn- 

 onymy (914); Synonymy (915); Manuscript Names, List 

 Names; Nomina Nuda (917); Generic Names as Synonyms, 



912-917 

 Types (918); Terms Used for Specific Types (918); Generic 



Types 918-920 



Selection of the Genotype or Type Species of a Genus (920) ; 

 Union of Genera into Group of Higher Taxonomic Value. .920-921 

 Sub-families; Families: Super-families; Sub-orders; Orders; 



Groups of Higher Rank; Faunas and Floras 921-922 



Table I, Subdivisions of the Plant Kingdom (922); Table 



II, Subdivisions of the Animal Kingdom 922-925 



Brief Summary of the Morphological Characters of the Phyla of 

 Plants and Animals 933 



A. Plants (933); Phylum I, Protophyta (933); Phylum II, Thallo- 

 phyta (934); a. Algas (935); b. Fungi (937); c.' Lichens (937): 

 Phylum III, Bryophyta (937); Phylum IV, Pteridophyta (938); 

 Phylum V, Spermatophyta (941) 933-941 



B. Animals (942); Phylum I, Protozoa (942); Phylum II, Porifera 

 (Sponges) (942); Phylum III, Coelenterata (942); Phylum IV, 

 MoUuscoidea (943); Phylum V, Mollusca (944); Phylum VI, 

 Platyhelmintha and Phylum VII, Vermes (946); Phylum VIII, 

 Arthropoda (947); Phylum IX, Echinodermata (949); Phylum X, 

 Protochorda (950); Phylum XI, Vertebrata (950); Pisces (950; 

 Amphibia (952); Reptilia (952); Aves (954); Mammalia (955). .942-955 



Bibliography XXIV 956 



CHAPTER XXV. 



Biogenetic Relations of Plants and Animals 958 



The Conception of Species 958 



The Mutations of Waagen 960 



IV'tutation Theory of De Vries 962 



Orthogenesis and the Concept of Species 963 



Acceleration and Retardation in Development (Tachygenesis 



and Bradygenesis) 964 



Illustrations of Orthogenetic Development (964); Origin 

 and Development of Characters the Important Question; 



Rectigradations and Allometrons 964-970 



Nomenclature of Stages in Development 970 



Ontogenetic Stages and Morphic Stages (970); Simple 

 Organisms (970); Colonial Forms -970-973 



