TABLE OF CONTENTS xxix 



PAGE 



Intracolonial Acceleration and Retardation (973"); Atavism or 



Reversion 973-974 



Parallelism and Convergence in Development (Homoeogenesis) . . 976 

 Bibliography XXV 979 



CHAPTER XXVI. 



Physical Characteristics of the Inhabitable Earth. Bionomic 



Characters of the Environment 982 



I. The Littoral District 983 



A. Marine (983); B. Fresh Water (987); C. Terrestrial 



(988) 983-988 



II. The Pelagic District 988 



A. Marine (988); B. Fresh Water (988); C. Terrestrial 



(989) 988-989 



III. The Abyssal Life District 990 



A. Marine; B. Fresh Water and C. Terrestrial 990 



Bibliography XXVI 990 



CHAPTER XXVII. 



Bionomic Classification of Plants and Animals 991 



Subdivisions (991); Primary Divisions; Secondary Divisions.... 991 



A. Haloplankton 992 



I. Holoplankton (992); 2. Meroplankton (993); 3. Pseudo- 

 plankton (994); 4. Epiplankton (994); B. Halonekton (996); 



C. Halobenthos (996) 992-996 



D. Limnoplankton (997); E. Limnonekton (Helionekton, 

 Potamonekton) ; F. Limnobenthos (Heliobenthos, Pota- 



mobenthos) 997-998 



G. Atmoplankton ; H. Atmonekton; I. Atmobenthos 998 



Bibliography XXVII 999 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 



Bionomic Characteristics of Plants and Animals 1000 



A. Bionomic Characters of Plants 1000 



Protophyta (1000); Thallophyta (looi); {Alga, Ftmgi, Lichens); 



Bryophyta and Pteridophyta (1003) 1 000-1003 



Spermatophyta 1004 



Ecology and Ecological Adaptations of Spermatophytes 1005 



I. Hydrophytes and Hemihydrophytes; 2. Xerophytes; 



3. Bog Xerophytes; 4. Tropophytes; 5. Hygrophytes; 



6. Sciophytes; 7. Halophytes; 8. Calcicole and Calcifuge 



Plants 1006 



B. Bionomic Characteristics of Animals 1007 



I. Protozoa (1007); {Foraminifera; Radiolaria); II. Porifera (1008); 

 III. Coelentcrata (1009) (Ilydrozoa; Anthozoa); IV. MoUuscoidea 

 (1014) {Bryozoa; Brack iopoda); V. Mollusca (1015); (Pclecypoda; 

 Scaphapoda and Amphinetira; Gastropoda; Pteropoda; Cephalo- 

 poda) 1007-1023 



