XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS 



r.\r,E 



VI. Platyhelmintha; VII. Vermes 1023 



VIII. Arthropoda (1025); Crustacea (1025); (Trilobita; Phyllo- 

 poda; Copepoda; Ostracoda; Cirrepedia; Phyllocarida; Schizopoda; 

 Stomatopoda; Sympoda; Decapoda; Arthrostraca); Accrata (1028); 

 {Merostomata; Arachnida; Pantapoda); Myriopoda and Insecta 

 (1030) 102 5-1030 



IX. Echinodermata (1031); Cysloidea and Blastoidea; Crinoidea; 

 Asteroidea; Ophiuroidea; Echinoidea; Ilolothuroidea 1031-1033 



X. Protochordata 1033 



XL Vertebrata (1033); Ostracoderma (1033); Pisces (1034); 

 Amphibia (1035); Reptilia (1036); Aves (1037); Mammalia 

 (1038) 1033-1038 



Bibliography XXVIII 1038 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



Chorology or the Principles of the Geographical Distribution of 



Plants and Animals 1040 



Dispersal and Migration (1041); Barriers to Migration and Dis- 

 persal (1042); Faunal Groups 1041-1044 



Factors Governing Dispersal and Migration 1044 



Inorganic Factors; the Medium 1044 



Composition of Medium (1044); Stenohalinity and Eury- 

 halinity; Quantity of Air (1045); Volume of Water (1047), 



I 044- I 047 



Climate 1047 



Climate and Temperature (1047); Currents (1048); Topog- 

 raphy (1051) 1047-1051 . 



The Organic Factors 1052 



Biogeographical Provinces 1053 



Marine Provinces (1055); Former Marine Geographic Prov- 

 inces (1057); Present and Former Biogeographic Provinces 

 of the Land (1058) ; Fresh Water Biotic Provinces (1059) . 1055-1059 

 Relicts (1062); Relict Faunas and Lakes (1062); Marine Relicts, 



Bipolar Faunas (1065); Terrestrial Relicts (1066) 1062-1066 



Dwarf Faunas and Micro-Faunas 1066 



Bibliography XXIX 1069 



CHAPTER XXX. 



Fossils, their Character and Mode of Preservation 1073 



Definition and Limitation of the Term Fossil 1073 



Fossilization 1075 



Types of Fossil 1076 



I. Actual Remains 1076 



Preservation of Soft Tissues (1076); Preservation of Hard 



Structures and of Petrified Remains 1078 



Petrifaction of Non-mineral Substances (1080); a. Re- 

 placement of Soft Animal Tissue; b. Petrification of 

 Plants 1080 



