78 PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY 



I. Eastern Continents and Island Regions with the follow- 

 ing provinces : 



I West European ; 2 East European ; 3 West Siberian ; 4 East 

 Siberian ; 5 Kamtschatka ; 6 Chinese-Japanese ; 7 Asiatic highland ; 

 8 Aral; 9 Indus; 10 Mediterranean; 11 Sahara; 12 Tropical Africa; 

 13 Kalahari; 14 Cape (of Good Hope); 15 East Indo-Australian 

 monsoon province; 16 Australian lake province; 17 Southwest Aus- 

 tralia; 18 East Australian; 19 New Zealand; 20 Polynesia (trop- 

 ical) ; 21 Hawaii. 



II. American Regions with the following provinces: 



I Hudson Bay; 2 Northwest Coast; 3 California; 4 Highlands; 

 5 Atlantic ; 6 West Indian ; 7 Troj)ical Cordilleran ; 8 Tropical 

 South America; 9 Peruan ; 10 North Chilean; 11 South Chilean; 12 

 Pampas. 



III. Arctic Regions with only one province: 

 I Arctic province. 



. IV. Antarctic Regions with only one i)rovince : 

 I Antarctic province. 



Climatic Types, Based on Separate Atmospheric Factors and 



ON Agents. 



In considering the principal atmospheric factors, we may recog- 

 nize several distinct types, which, however, vary with change in 

 local conditions. The principal types based on factors are : ( i ) 

 moist and (2) dry, (3) cold and (4) warm, (5) pluvial and (6) 

 arid. Based on the agent influenced by these factors, we may dis- 

 tinguish : (i) glacial climates, when glacial conditions become 

 widespread, and (2) interglacial climates, when glaciers dwindle; 

 (3) fluvial and lacustrine climates, when there is an increase in pre- 

 cipitation and consequently a rise in streams and an extension of 

 lakes, and (4) interfluvial and interlacustrine, or desert climates, 

 when the reverse is true, lakes and rivers shrink and vegetation dries 

 up. These terms are useful in discussing the prevailing character of 

 ancient climates. 



Climatic Zones of the Past. 



The existence of climatic zones in the past was first suggested by 

 Jules Marcou in i860, who postulated their occurrence in Jurassic 

 time to explain the "homozooidal belts" of that period. The Aus- 

 trian geologist, Melchior Neumayr (70), attempted to prove this 

 theory by palasontological and geological evidence, and his conclu- 



