i64 PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY 



gave Rotli an average total of 0.2033 permille and of calcium car- 

 bonate 0.009598 permille- (Russell-33 : 7p). For both American 

 and European rivers the above data give an average of total solids 

 in solution of 0.1888 permille, of which 0.088765 permille, or 47 

 per cent, of the total solids, represents calcium carbonate. 



The annual total transport of mineral matter in solution was 

 compiled for a number of rivers by Russell (31 : y^), and is given 

 in the following rearranged and supplemented 



Table of Total Solids Carried in Solution, in Tons per Year.^ 



1. Mississippi 112,832,170 



2. Danube 22,521,430 



3. Nile 16,950,001 



4. Rhone 8,290,464 



5. Arkansas 6,828,350 



6. Rhine 5,816,804 



7. Thames 613,930 



8. Hudson 438,005 



9. Croton 66,7 95 



Total for nine rivers 174,357,949 



Sir John Murray (22: 7d) has computed the number of tons of 

 different salts carried in solution in a cubic mile of river water; 

 the average of which for nineteen of the principal rivers of the 

 world is given in the following table (Russell-33 :5'o) rf 



Table Showing the Amounts of the Different Salts Carried in Solu- 

 tion in One Cubic Mile of Average River Water. 



British tons in 



Constituents. one cubic mile.f 



Calcium carbonate (CaCOs) 326,710 



Magnesium carbonate (MgCOs) 1 12,870 



Calcium phosphate (CasPaOs) ' 2,913 



Calcium sulphate (CaSOi) 34, 361 



Sodium sulphate (Na2S04) 31,805 



Potassium sulphate (K2SO4) 20,358 



Sodium nitrate (NaNOs) 26,800 



Sodium chloride (NaCl) 16,657 



Lithium chloride (LiCl) 2,462 



Ammonium chloride (NH4CI) 1,030 



Sihca (SiOs) 74,577 



Ferric oxide (FcsOs) 13,066 



Alumina (AI2O3) I4,3I5 



Manganese oxide (Mn203) 5, 703 



Organic matter • 79,020 



Total dissolved matter 7^2,587 



* See other tables cited by Clarke-4 : 8g. 



t Acids and bases combined according to the principles indicated by Bunsen. 



% One cubic mile of fresh water weighs about 4,205,650,000 British tons of 

 2,240 pounds each. 



