COMPOSITION OF SPRING WATERS 167 



The ordinary spring or vadose water will thus have a certain 

 type of composition, though varying greatly within that type. The 

 leading acid ions in its mineral content are CO2 and SO3, and lime 

 and magnesia are the leading hases, except in granitic countries or 

 in arid regions. Lane thinks that the salinity is not commonly over 

 I permille, that saturation with bicarhonates (0.238 permille of 

 CaCOs) seems to be a very common goal, and that the specific grav- 

 ity of such waters is not greater than i. Analysis A on page 170 

 may be taken as a type of such waters. 



Waters regarded by Lane as showing large proportions of bur- 

 ied sea water were obtained from Sheboygan, Wisconsin. These 

 have a salinity of 589.2536 grains per U. S. gallon (8.782 grams per 

 liter, or 8.782 permille), of which 52.1% is NaCl. Others have 

 been obtained from Bowling Green. Ohio, which had a salinity of 

 3,297.93 grains per U. S. gallon (49.154 grams per liter, or 49.154 

 permille), of which 72.3% is NaCl. 



Magmatic waters obviously have the greatest range of variabil- 

 ity in composition. Still it would not be proper to hold that all wa- 

 ters varying beyond the limits ordinarily set for meteoric waters or 

 for connate waters are to be regarded as of magmatic origin. Such 

 an assumption would disregard the evident ability of meteoric 

 waters to take up mineral matter in their passage through the rocks. 

 Since magmatic waters are essentially thermal, they will be more 

 fully discussed under the section dealing with the temperature of 

 the water. (See page 201.) Analyses of spring waters from the 

 Algerian Sahara gave the following extremes of composition (Rol- 

 land quoted by Walther-43 : 57) : 



Composition of Spring Water from the Sahara. 



Permille 



SiOo 0.012 to 0.068 



NaCl o. 039 to 4 . 030 



KCl o . 005 to o . 307 



CaCOs o. 076 to o . 294 



MgCOs o . 005 to o . 052 



FcoCOs 0.004 to 0.013 



CaS04 o . 008 to 1 . 85 1 



MgS04 o. 100 to 0.916 



Na,.S04 o . 025 to 1 . 2 14 



Total amount of solids o. 274 to 8 . 745 



In the table on pp. 170-171 a number of analyses of the waters 

 of springs and wells are given to show their variations and general 



