486 PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY 



f -D 1 4.- J f I- Eel grass marshes 



Below mean tide . . . . \ a t j i , 

 A Tv/r • u 2. Mud banks 



A. Manne marshes < ^ 



[ Above mean tide J 3- Grass marshes 



\ 4. Mangrove marshes 



f Lake swamps l ^- ]f^^ .""^"S^" '"^^""P" 



B. Fresh-water swamps . I 6. Quakmg bogs or swamps 



[ River swamps / 7- Terrace swamps 



\ 8. Estuarine or delta swamps 



r Upland bogs \ 9. Climbing bogs 



C. Terrestrial Bogs J / 10. Wet wood bogs 



l_ Ablation bogs 



A more recent classification of peat moors, adopted by the 

 students of the West European peat deposits, has reference to the 

 succession of plant types found in the moors. It applies to the 

 fresh-water swamps and terrestrial bogs only. Three types are 

 recognized: a, Low moor, or flat moor {Flachmoor, Vcrlandungs- 

 moor) ; b. Intermediate or Transition moor ( Zzvischemnoor, Ucber- 

 gangsmoor) ; and, c. High moor or Upland moor (Hochmoor). 



The transition moors are less well characterized than the low 

 and high moors, and the tendency of some authors is to eliminate 

 them altogether. A further group, however, the forest moor, or 

 dry peat moor, is separated by most modern authors. For pur- 

 poses of mapping, the following divisions of modern fresh-water 

 or terrestrial deposits of caustobioliths have been recognized in 

 Germany (Ramann-33 :7J5) : 



I. Slime deposits (fresh-water sapropelytes). 



II. Flat or low moor deposits — Terrigenic moor deposits (Ver- 

 landungsmoorablogerungen) comprising : 



A, Peat : formed by 



1. Reed association or a Phragmitetum * (Phragmites, 



America; Arundo, Europe). 



2. Sedge association or Cyperacetum or Caricetum 



{Cy perns, Car ex, etc.), including: 



a. Magnocaricetum or tall sedge plantation. 



b. Parvocaricetum or low sedge plantation. 



3. Moss association or Hypnetum (Hypnum and certain 



species of Sphagnum, etc.). 



B. Mold. 



III. Forest peat (dry peat). 



IV. Highmoor peat. 



* The ending etum designates a plantation, grove or association in which the 

 plant to whose name it is suffixed forms the principal type. 



