502 



PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY 



the moss will result in the breaking off of the trunk at that point, 

 and the subsequent complete embedding of the stumps in the peat. 

 Such old pine and other stumps are common features of the upland 

 bogs. 



Upland Bogs, or High Moors. These are built up by the re- 



FiG. 115. Section through a mature peat deposit near Hermansville, Menom- 

 inee Co., Michigan. (After Davis.) i, Surface vegetation; 2. 

 layer containing roots and coarse vegetable debris ; 3, fully de- 

 composed dark peat ; 4, light-colored structureless peat. 



mains of peat mosses, especially the Sphagnum mosses and related 

 types. These form the bulk of the peat in the upland bogs, though 

 in some cases they are largely replaced by one or more members of 

 the pondweed faiuily, especially SchcucJizcria palnsfris, or of the 

 sedge family, notably the cotton grass, Eriophorum vaginatmn L., 



