EOLIAN LLMESTONES 575 



resemblincr a raised beach in the vicinity. In tlie interior the "miHo- 

 Hte" is stated to occur "capriciously in the gorges of the hills or as 

 patciies on their sides like remnants of a snowdrift," while on 

 Chotila Hill it forms a fringe around the truncated top at a height 

 of 1,173 feet above sea-level. Other more siliceous deposits of this 

 type are known from Cutch, where they form a "concrete" on low 

 ground and at the foot of the hills bordering the Rann, with strong, 

 oblique bedding and with shells of the land snail Buliminus. 



Limestones of the Junagarh type are also well developed on the 

 southeastern seaboard of Arabia, overlying the nummulitic lime- 

 stone or sometimes resting directly on the granite. These form 

 white-domed hills of calcarenyte of unknown thickness and from 

 100 to 200 feet above the level of the sea, extending inland as far 

 as the eye can reach. On the sea border they show scarps up to a 

 hundred feet in height. The rock contains hardly a fossil larger 

 than the size of the grains composing it, though in some localities 

 large shells of Hippopus and Ostrea, as well as corals, are abun- 

 dant in this rock up to 40 feet above sea-level, indicating former 

 submergence to that extent. A small quantity of hyaline quartz and 

 dark specks, probably hornblende, also occur. The calcareous par- 

 ticles are largely remains of minute Foraminifera. ( Carter-8 :jj, 

 J4.) The age of all of these limestones is not older than late Plio- 

 cenic ; indeed, some of them are forming now near the coast. The 

 Junagarh limestone is believed to have been formed from the ma- 

 terial blown inland from the coast, but Evans doubts if it has been 

 carried from the present coast 30 miles away. He holds rather that 

 at the time of the formation of this rock the peninsula stood some 

 150 feet lower than at the present day, and had the character of an 

 island or group of islands. 



Microscopic examination of the foraminferal shells of the 

 Junagarh limestone by Dr. Frederick Chapman shows that they are 

 in most instances worn and polished apparently by eolian action. 

 At 30 miles from the sea the common or frequent forms are Milio- 

 lina trigonula (Lam), M. cf. ohlonga (Montagu), Pulvinulina re- 

 panda (F. and M.), Nonionina communis (d'Orb), Polystomella 

 striatopunctata, Amphistcgina lessonii (d'Orb). Other rarer 

 genera are Discorbina, Truncatulina, Rotalia and (?) Operculina. 

 Some Ostracoda were also present, much worn and polished. 



The Montpelier limestones of Jamaica (Hill-23: 757) may also 

 belong to this type. They have a thickness of 500 feet, and are 

 almost entirely composed of foraminiferal remains, especially Orbi- 

 toides, Nummulinae, and Miliolidse, all shallow- water forms. There 

 is, however, a total absence of macroscopic fossils, which, if the 



