COMPOSITE CONES 



873 



( Geikie-9 :i'^5. ) These are not to be confused with the mud flows 

 which form on the sides of volcanoes from the saturation of dust 



Fig. 236. View of the Island of St. Paul in the southern Indian Ocean, show- 

 ing the breach in the rim of the extinct volcano and the crater 

 flooded by the sea. (From a sketch by Charles Velain in Haug.) 



and cinders by rain. Such flows always occur in regions of igneous 

 extrusion on the sides of igneous volcanoes, while mud volcanoes 

 may occur in any region where gases accumulate beneath the sur- 



^ — >> — j-^, \ "^"^ ■' 



,) [ch.llc.^So 



Fig. 237. Map of the Island of St. Paul in the southern Indian Ocean. A 

 breached volcano. (After Charles Velain in Haug.) 



face in large enough quantities to be forced out. Neither should 

 these mud volcanoes be confused with mud mounds, cones, or 

 craterlets which form along earthquake fissures where the release 



