1058 PRINCIPLES OF STRATKiRAPHY 



provinces are recognized: (a) the Etliioj)iaii, comprising the east 

 coast of Africa and part of Madagascar; and (b) the Maorian, 

 in Oceanica. The Japan Province is a small one limited to the 

 Japanese archipelago and Korea. It is characterized by a comming- 

 ling of boreal and jMalayian features, though less markedly related 

 to the latter. The South Andine realm comprised Central America 

 and the whole west coast and the southern end of South America, 

 and appears to be likewise represented in the southern coast of 

 Africa. 



Considering these realms as a whole it appears that the faunas 

 of the last four are more closely related to each other than they are 

 to the boreal. Haug has united the Mediterranean-Caucasian, the 

 Himamalayian, and the North Andine realms into a single broad 

 equatorial faunal and climatic belt which is sharply contrasted with 

 the Plolarctic-lioreal belt. Such a broad zonal division is favored 

 by Uhlig. 



On the whole, it appears, as Koken (27:530) pointed out, that 

 the distribution of marine faunas is less dependent on climatic 

 differences than on the distribution and development of coast lines. 



Present mid Fanner BiogeoyrapJtic Provinces of the Land. 



The terrestrial provinces of the present time are generally com- 

 prised within three great divisions or sub-realms, as first proposed 

 by Blanford, and under these are included a number of distinct 

 regions. As commonly accepted, these are : 



I. Arctog?ea, or northern sub-realm, with 



1. Arctic, or circumpolar region. 



2. Ethiopian, or African region (south of the Sahara). 



3. Indo-Malayan, or Oriental region (including southern 



Asia and the Malayan islands). 



4. Malagasian, or Madagascar region. 



5. Nearctic. or North American region. 



6. PaLxarctic, or Eurasiatic region. 



II. Notog?ea, with four regions : 



1. Austro-Malayan. 



2. Australian. 



3. Polynesian. 



4. Hawaiian. 



III. Neogcxa, comprising South America, with one region: 



I. Neotropical. 



