Zoopuyra.] LOWER PAL/EOZOIC RADIATA. 29 
Goldfuss, I do not think we should change the specific name of the Silurian species, as it is clearly to 
this formation that the original coral of Linné and Fougt belonged, and the particular var. and figure 
which I have quoted above, from the Amenitates Academice describe our present species very well (the 
figure faintly shews the root-like tubercles). The lateral siphon is perfectly distinct when the section is 
in the right direction. The inner edges of the lamellc seem obscurely tubuloso-papillate as in Tryplasma. 
The C. turbinatum (Gold.) has fewer, and thicker lamelle, and no external root-like tubercles. In the 
specimens varying in the rate of increase, I can find no other difference. 
Position and Locality—Common in the Wenlock limestone of Dudley, Staffordshire, and Ledbury, 
Herefordshire ; schists of Mathyrafal, S. of Meifod, Montgomeryshire ; limestone of Craig Head, Ayrshire. 
2nd Subfamily. CYSTIPHYLLIN A. 
> Cystiphyllide (Edw. and Haime). 
Corallum simple or compound; individuals always defined by a distinct epithecal wall in both simple and 
compound species; increasing by lateral buds or rarely by fission ; uni-areal, without distinct axis ; radiating 
lamellze very delicate, usually meeting in the middle, connected by a nearly uniform vesicular tissue, not forming 
transverse diaphragms. 
Genera :—1, Strephodes ; 2, Cystiphyllum ; 3, Clisiophyllum. 
Genus. STREPHODES (J/°Coy). - 
Etym.—srpépa, torqueo (from the twisting of the lamellze about the centre). 
Ref—M Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. Series 2, Vol. III. p. 4. (=Strombodes pars of Lonsdale, not of Schweigger). 
Gen. Char.—Corallum simple and conic, or compound and forming rounded masses of inseparably united 
polygonal cells ; in either case the terminal cup is deep, with numerous, equal, radiating lamelle, converging 
from the walls to the centre, where they meet and are complicated, usually twisted in bundles about an 
imaginary axis; vertical section, small vesicular structure, the rows of cells arranged in a semielliptical 
curve, convexity downwards, descending from the sides at a steep angle and rounding under the centre, 
where the cells are a little larger than at the sides; horizontal section, radiating lamelle meeting and com- 
plicated in the centre, connected by very thin transverse vesicular plates, and the stars of the compound 
species separated by thick divisional walls ; budding in the compound species marginal, stars rarely splitting 
in the middle; growth in the simple species often exhibiting periodical death and continuance of growth from 
the centre, giving an imbricating ‘“ ringed,” appearance to the exterior. 
This genus is most allied to Cyathophyllum and Clisiophyllwm, all three having simple and conic, and also 
compound, polygonal-celled species. Strephodes differs from Cyathophyllum by the equality of the radiating 
lamellze, and their meeting in the centre, both in the terminal cup and horizontal section, and in wanting 
the transverse diaphragms ; from Clisiophyllum, which it resembles in the meeting of the lamellee in the 
centre, and the absence of horizontal diaphragms, it differs in the centre (though often slightly projecting) 
not being elevated into the large tent-like cone, characteristic of that genus, and in the rows of vesicular 
cells in the vertical section not having the reversed upward curvature which is connected with that peculiar 
form of cell. The simple species have been placed—I cannot imagine why—in the genus Strombodes of 
Schweigger by Mr Lonsdale, and some others. (See the observations below on this latter genus). The 
compound species differ from Astrea, with which many palontologists confound them, by the solid epithecal 
boundary-walls to the cells, and from Acervularia (Schweig. not Lonsd.) by the marginal budding and 
want of the central tube of that genus. 
The genus Streptoplasma of Hall, in his recent volume on the Paleontology of New York, although 
defined nearly in the same manner, and the name haying the same meaning, applies obviously, according 
to his specific descriptions and figures of all the species, not to the present corals, but to those known in 
Europe under the names Petraia and Turbinolopsis, in which the lamelle extend directly and simply almost 
to the centre, only a portion of the centre exhibiting in some species a trace of twisting, and there being 
none of the vesicular plates between the lamellz which are so strongly developed in the present group. 
