Zooruyra.| DEVONIAN RADIATA. 73 
space, which the primary ones fill with their irregular complicated extremities ; secondary lamelle as thick 
as the primary, of irregular lengths, but seldom extending one-fourth the distance to the centre; transverse 
vesicular plates extremely delicate, rather few, irregular; vertical section shewing in the middle a few 
irregularly flexuous delicate longitudinal lines (edges of the complicated ends of the vertical radiating lamelle) ; 
sides occupied by very open vesicular tissue, composed of large, curved, delicate, oblique plates, forming 
about two rows of great cells on each side; outer wall very thick, forming a nearly smooth surface; when 
decorticated, the lamellar sulci average five in two lines; terminal cup deep, strongly radiated to the 
flattened centre. 
This little species is extremely remarkable for the looseness of the vesicular tissue in the vertical section, 
or great size and consequent smaller number of the cells. Decorticated fragments bear some external 
resemblance to the Cyathophyllum caspitosum of the same beds, when in the same condition; but a vertical 
fracture with the hammer, wetted or polished, will easily distinguish them by shewing the broad transverse 
diaphragms of the latter. 
Position and Locality—Not uncommon in the Devonian limestone of Newton Bushel. 
STREPHODES HELIANTHOIDES (Gold. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn.—Cyathophyllum helianthoides Gold, Pet. Germ. t. 20. f. 2. Strombodes helianthoides 
Phill. Pal. Foss. t. 5. f. 13. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum forming short, simple, conical, slightly curved individuals, averaging two inches high 
and three inches in diameter, or by lateral budding forming compound masses of large polygonal stars ; 
central portion of the cup narrow, circular, deeply impressed, and filled at the flattened bottom, with the 
complicated, twisted, very delicate extremities of the radiating lamellz ; an undefined large cireular portion 
round the depressed centre is convex, and gradually sloping or becoming slightly concave at the boundary 
walls which are usually at a lower level; upper surface radiated with from seventy to ninety, strong 
apparently equal lamellze, which seem yery thick, from being lined nearly to their edges with minute 
vesicular plates : horizontal section shews the radiating lamellze to be extremely thin, almost equal in thick- 
ness, but each alternate one ceasing near the centre, into which the others extend, very abruptly dimi- 
nishing in strength at the central circular area, where they are irregularly complicated and twisted, con- 
nected throughout by close, very delicate, irregular, curved vesicular plates (the vesicular structure sometimes 
becomes so dense round the circumference as to prevent the lamelle reaching the wall); vertical section, 
shewing a small vesicular structure of curved plates arranged in doubly sigmoidal curves corresponding 
to the form of the cup, becoming extremely obscure in the cylindrical narrow central area, corresponding 
with the central depression and twisted portion of the lamellze ; in sections of the compound masses, a very 
thick solid divisional wall defines each individual. In specimens of the above diameter the vertical costae 
on the outer wall, and the lamelle near the margin, are three in the space of three lines, 
Position and Locality—Rather rare in the Devonian limestone of Teignmouth, 
STREPHODES VERMICULARIS (Grold. Sp.) 
Syn. and Ref.—Cyathophyllum vermiculare Gold. Pet. Germ. t. 17. f. 4. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum simple, conic or subcylindrical, irregularly curved, gradually, but unequally tapering, 
strongly marked with large, obtuse, transverse irregular wrinkles of interrupted growth; swrface obscurely 
marked with obtuse longitudinal ribs, corresponding to the primary lamellze, averaging four in two lines 
at the nearly adult diameter of one inch, which size it attains at a length varying from one and half to 
nearly three inches from the apex, and then scarcely enlarges for a length of several inches; /amellw at the 
average diameter of one inch, varying from seventy-six to eighty-two, which in the deep terminal cup are 
denticulated on their edges, and alternately larger and smaller, the primary ones irregularly uniting in bundles 
and twisted at the centre into a small umbo: horizontal section shews the radiating lamellz, very irregu- 
larly uniting in bundles as they approach the centre, where they are much twisted spirally, and connected 
L 
