86 BRITISH PALAXOZOIC FOSSILS. [Zoopuyra. 
varying with the age of the cup; the broad middle part is occupied by close, thick, transverse diaphragms, each 
reaching half or the entire way across, and bent down at the ends. From eight to sixteen young cones take 
their origin from the inner part of the margin of favourably situated parent cups, thus forming compound masses 
three inches or more in diameter; adult cones averaging one and half inches long; horizontal section, shews a 
circular space free of lamellze in the middle, about one third of the diameter ; the primary lamell extending 
from thence to the rather thick outer walls with a slight flexuosity, and the secondary lamelle reaching from 
the wall half as far as the primary ones; an outer zone of minute irregular vesicular plates connects the lamellee 
only as far as the short ones extend. 
This is closely allied to the C. dianthus, (Gold. truncatus Linn.), and the compound examples of C. 
turbinatum (Linn. and Gold.), but is distinguished from the first by its wide, rapidly expanding cones, and from 
both by the lamelle being distinctly of two alternating sizes, much thinner, and greatly more numerous. 
Position and Locality.—Common in the carboniferous limestone of Arnside, Kendal, Westmoreland. 
Explanation of Figures.—Plate 8. C. fig. 7. Compound group of old stems, shewing the way in which 
clusters of young stems grow from within the edge of the parent. Natural size—Fig. 7 a. Do. Horizontal section 
of part of star magnified two diameters, shewing the outer vesicular zone with its short and long lamellze, the 
extension of these latter without vesicular plates towards the centre, and the central space destitute of 
lamellee.—Fig. 7 5. Do. Cone of middle age, magnified two diameters, shewing at top the characters of the 
terminal cup, with its alternately large and small lamellz, and the flat unradiated space at bottom, formed by 
the transverse diaphragms. The lower part is a vertical section shewing the transverse diaphragms, and outer 
highly inclined area of minute vesicular tissue (the vertical lines at bottom are radiating lamellee shewn by the 
curving of the centre out of the plane of section). 
CYATHOPHYLLUM PARACIDA (M°Coy). PI. 3. C. fig. 9. 
Ref—M Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. III. p. 7. 
Sp. Oh.—Corallum of slender cones averaging half an inch wide at mouth, and one and half inches long 
(generally somewhat smaller), straight or variously bent, and sometimes irregularly coalescing so as to form loose 
irregular masses ; three or four young cones take their origin from within the margin of the parent cell, which 
they smother by their growth* ; internal structure, centre occupied by broad slightly undulated transverse 
diaphragms, four-fifths the width of the tubes ; narrow outer area occupied by thirty-two equal, narrow, radiating 
lamelle, variously connected by small, curved, vesicular plates ; outer surface faintly striated longitudinally. 
Allied to the C. caspitosum and C. quadrigeminum of the older rocks, but the branches are not so jong and 
cylindrical as in the first, nor so short or laterally united as in the latter; the number of the lamelle and 
character of the narrow lamelliferous zone (only one-tenth of the diameter), and the very wide, distinct, trans- 
verse diaphragms will serve to discriminate even fragments of the species. 
Position and Locality—Not uncommon in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
Explanation of Figures.—Plate 3. C. fig. 9. Natural size of a single old stem, shewing the usual way in 
which four young ones spring from within the terminal cup of the parent, smothering the latter. 
CYATHOPHYLLUM PSEUDO-VERMICULARE (M/*Coy). PI. 3. C. fig. 8. 
Ref—MCoy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. III. p. 8. 
Sp. Ch.—Elongate, cylindrical, flexuous; surface very irregularly annulated or transversely nodular, 
coarsely striated longitudinally (about six striae in one-fourth of an inch); branches averaging from half to 
* The specific name refers to this appearance and may be allowed to remain, although it is quite possible the parent 
may have died first, leaving four ova to be developed in its cup. 
