ZoopHyrva.| UPPER PALAXOZOIC RADIATA. 87 
three-fourths of an inch in diameter; small cylindrical branches project at distant irregular intervals from 
the sides: internal structure—central area, rather more than half the diameter of the tube, defined, com- 
posed of flat, slightly undulated transverse septa, bent downwards at the end, bearing at their circum- 
ference a series of from twenty-four to twenty-seven very short, equal, rather distant, radiating lamell, 
not reaching half way to the centre; interval between this inner area and the walls filled with loose cel- 
lular structure, formed of little more than a single row of large vesicular curved plates, highly inclined 
upwards and outwards. 
This interesting coral perfectly resembles the Cyathophyllum vermiculare of Goldfuss in external cha- 
racters, but by cutting and grinding down some specimens of the true Eifel coral of that species, I have 
ascertained beyond doubt (what was before suspected by Mr Lonsdale), that it is not a true Cyathophyllum, 
but belongs to that group which I have named Strephodes, having the radiating lamelle extending from 
the walls to the centre, and there twisted together, without transverse diaphragms; it also has the curious 
character of the radiating lamellze, having an elliptical section, being thicker in the middle than at either 
end, a peculiarity which I have also noticed in a British (Devonian) specimen of the same species, although 
not alluded to by Mr Lonsdale in his note on this species in the Memoir of Prof. Sedgwick and Sir R. 
Murchison, on the Devonian System. The present mountain-limestone coral I have shewn above to possess 
the true Cyathophyllum structure, and it is not therefore likely, after what I have stated with regard to 
the Devonian species, to be in future confounded with it. Externally it also bears a strong resemblance 
to the mountain-limestone fossil which I have called Lonsdaleia duplicata (Mart. sp.), but that coral I 
have ascertained to possess the very different internal structure of Strombodes (Lithostrotion of Lonsdale), 
and it is consequently, with a little care, incapable of being confounded with the present fossil. 
Position and Locality—Not uncommon in the lower carboniferous limestone of Kendal, Westmoreland ; 
(a variety also occurs in the lower carboniferous limestone of Kiltullagh, Roscommon, Ireland). 
Explanation of Figures.—P1. 3. C. fig. 8. Column natural size, from Kendal, shewing the vertical strize 
and transverse nodulation—Fig. 8a. Do. Shewing origin of young branch.—Fig. 84. Do. Vertical and 
horizontal sections magnified one-third linear, the first shewing the simple transverse diaphragms, bent down 
at the circumference, and the open simple vesicular tissue of the outer area, the second shews the outer 
vesicular area, the central clear space, and the intervening zone of radiating lamelle, (the two concentric 
lines connecting the lamellze in this section are only the deflected edges of two of the transverse diaphragms 
cut across). 
Subgenus. DIPHYPHYLLUM (Lonsd.) 
Ref—tLonsd. Geol. Russ. Vol. I. p. 624. 
Gen. Char.—Corallum forming elongate, cylindrical branches, dividing by dichotomous fissure of the 
main stem ; no axis; biareal; the large central area occupied by strong simple transverse diaphragms, deflected 
at the circumference, surrounded by a narrow, outer vesicular area; outer wall thick, radiating lamelle 
numerous, not reaching the centre. 
The dichotomous mode of division of the branches (so exceedingly rare among the Cyathophyllide) 
distinguishes this genus from Cyathophyllum. 
