Zoornyra. ] UPPER PALAZOZOIC RADIATA. 91 
zontal section, one of the lamelle stronger than the rest, and extending through the centre, where it is either 
thickened or confounded with a slight mesial boss of one of the transverse septa: vertical section, middle 
third traversed by thick, subregular, transverse diaphragms, convex upwardly, three interdiaphragmatal 
spaces in one line; outer third on each side formed of one or two rows of irregular large cells, formed by 
the junction and occasional duplicature of the deflected edges of the diaphragms. 
This so exactly resembles the Cyathaxonia cornu in size, shape, and general external appearance, that it 
might be very easily confounded with it; even externally, however it might be distinguished by the smaller 
number in a given space of its much coarser lamellar vertical strive ; internally it is easily distinguished by 
wanting the solid styliform axis, by the distinct transverse vesicular plates between the lamelle in the 
horizontal section, and the transverse septation, &c., of the vertical section. 
Position and Locality——Very common in the black carboniferous limestone and shale of Beith, Ayrshire. 
CYATHOPSIS FUNGITES (/Vem. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn.—Turbinolia fungites Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 510. Cyathophyllum fungites Koninck, 
Foss. Bel. t. D. f. 2. Caninia patula Michelin, Icon. Zooph. t. 59. f. 4. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum conical, slender when young, more rapidly enlarging when old, slightly curved; 
terminal cup oblique; length of adult specimens about two and half inches, with a diameter at that length 
of one inch eight lines; diameter at an inch from the apex eight lines; surface with obsolete transverse 
waves of growth, and very strong, subequal, obtuse, longitudinal lamellar strixe or ridges varying from four 
(at one inch six lines in diameter) to six in the space of two lines (the latter number at three lines in 
diameter). The external lamellar striz are double the number of the radiating lamelle, the cleft outer 
edge of each of which form two external ridges; radiating lamelle about fifty at one inch in diameter, 
about thirty-six at six lines in diameter, uniting irregularly by various branch-like junctions into few bundles 
as they reach the centre, and also occasionally uniting obliquely from being inclined at different angles ; 
siphonal irregularity occupying the place of one lamella; transverse plates depressed in the middle, and much 
deflected, and occasionally branched towards the outer wall; terminal cup very deep. 
The strong longitudinal lamellar sulci easily distinguish even the dwarf varieties from the C. cornu-copic. 
The specimens in limestone seem to expand more rapidly than those in shale (excluding variation from 
pressure). 
Position and Locality—Common in the carboniferous limestone of Kendal, Westmoreland ; in the dark 
carboniferous limestone and shale of Craige, near Kilmarnock ; carboniferous shales near Glasgow ; abundant 
in the black carboniferous limestone and shale of Ronald’s Way, Isle of Man; not uncommon in the blaek 
carboniferous limestone and shale of Beith, Ayrshire. 
Genus. CALOPHYLLUM (Dana.) 
= Polycelia (King). 
Gen. Char.—Corallum simple, conic ; radiating lamellee subequal, strong ; no transverse vesicular tissue ; 
transverse diaphragms strong, smooth in the middle, deflected at the edges; no siphonal depression. 
This genus is intermediate between Amplexus and Cyathophyllum, and only differs from Cyathopsis 
(d’Orb.) in wanting the siphonal depression at the side; the absence of the outer layer of vesicular tissue 
separates it from Cyathophyllum. 
CALOPHYLLUM sPINosuM (Kon. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn.—Ampleaus spinosus Koninck, Anim. Foss. Bel. t. ©. f. 1. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum small, conical, with the base irregularly curved, averaging one inch long and about 
five lines in diameter, at that distance from the point of attachment; radiating lamelle strong, subequal ; 
surface marked with concentric, irregular, obtuse lines of growth, and rather strong, narrow, vertical lamellar 
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