96 BRITISH PALZOZOIC FOSSILS. [Zoorpuyra, 
to distinguish a well-marked species, but scarcely applicable as grounds of generic division, for this inner 
area or axis is more or less defined in all, and different parts or ages of the same specimen shew variation 
in this respect. 
Position and Locality——Rather common in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. Var. @ minor, 
a single dwarfed specimen from the impure carboniferous limestone of Lowick, Northumberland, shewing 
110 lamelle at nine lines in diameter, and about ten external strice in three lines. In this specimen the 
tubular perforation of the lamelle, parallel with their sides, is clearly seen, and also a branch-like union of 
the short, with the long lamell, in part. The same small variety is common in the black carboniferous 
limestone of Beith, Ayrshire, often shewing a strong wall between the middle and outer areas, and having 
about eighty-two lamellze at a diameter of seven lines, and also a slight siphonal irregularity. 
Explanation of Figures—P\, 3. C. fig. 5. Natural size, shewing the form of the terminal cup, and 
projecting base of the inner area, and in the lower part an accidental fracture shews the inner area as a 
persistent tube—Fig. 5a, Do, Horizontal and vertical magnified two diameters, shewing the strong wall 
to the inner area. 
CLISIOPHYLLUM TURBINATUM (J7"Coy). Page 88, figs. a, 0, c. 
Ref—M ‘Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. VII. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum simple, turbinate, very rapidly enlarging, attaining the adult diameter of about one and 
a half inches at two inches from the point of attachment ; surface of the strong external wali, or epitheca, 
marked by coarse, numerous, imbricating, transverse striee, and a few larger inequalities of growth, (no distinet 
longitudinal strize, except where abraded) ; horizontal section, central area, or axis, nearly equalling one-half the 
diameter of the coral, composed of a close crumpling of fine vesicular plates, crossed by a few radiating irregular 
extensions of every 4th or 5th of the radiating lamelle, one of which, stronger than the rest, is usually seen to 
cross the middle (forming a thick mesial line in the vertical section, and a prominent crest in the cup); lamelli- 
ferous area rather less than one-third of the whole diameter, radiated by about fifty-four strong equal lamellz 
(at a diameter of one inch), connected by numerous delicate transverse vesicular plates ; four lamellze in the space 
of two lines, near the margin; outer or perithecal area less than one-fourth the width of the lamelliferous zone, 
from which it is separated by a thin definite boundary; it is composed of about two obscure rows of small, 
compressed, cells, more or less crossed by costal extensions of the lamellee: vertical section shews a strong 
solid line down the middle of the axis, or inner area, a thinner solid line defining the axis on each side, 
and a similar one between the middle and external areas ; external area very narrow, of about two rows of minute 
cells; middle area of about three rows of large rhomboidal cells, formed of thin, moderately-curved vesicular 
plates, converging upwards and inwards, at a low angle ; inner area composed on each side of about three rows of 
cells, converging upwards to the mesial line, much smaller, and more compressed than those of the middle area ; 
terminal cup of moderate depth, lined by the thick, equal, radiating lamellee, the axis forming a moderately pro- 
minent boss in the bottom, crossed by a small prominent crestiform plate. 
This is easily distinguished from the other known species by {its short, rapidly expanding, turbinate 
form; it resembles the C. bipartitum in the crest-like median plate on the boss, or central area (axis), but 
differs in having the axis much smaller, the middle area much larger, the perithecal area smaller, and fewer 
lamellee, besides the difference in shape. The C. Keyserlingi, like the last species, has short secondary lamellee 
between the larger ones; it also differs in its very slender form, and wants the crest across the axial boss in the 
cup, but is otherwise nearly allied, although very distinct as a species. 
Position and Locality.x— Common in the carboniferous limestone of Beith, Ayrshire; rare in the 
carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
Explanation of Figures.—a. Old specimen, natural size, shewing the imbricating interruptions of growth, 
and costal edges of lamellze in the worn upper portion; 4. horizontal section, natural size, shewing the large, 
partially-radiated vesicular tissue of the inner or axal area, the equal lamellze in the middle area, and the very 
narrow unequally developed outer, or perithecal zone ; c. vertical section, and form of terminal cup, natural size 
of small specimen, shewing the proportions and directions of the cells of the three areas, and the solid defining 
lines of each, as well as the section of the mesial crest of the axis. 
