102 BRITISH PALALOZOIC FOSSILS. [Zoopnyra, 
plates, including small rounded cells extending very obliquely upwards and outwards, about five or six in 
each row. 
This species is remarkable for the large size of its tubes and great number of the radiating lamelle. 
Position and Locality—F¥rom the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
Explanation of Figures—P|. 3. A. fig. 4. Natural size from Derbyshire, shewing near base the mode 
of division of certain faces of a column to form a young individual_—Fig. 4a. Do. Horizontal section 
magnified three diameters, shewing the axis and inner and outer areas.—Fig. 44. Do. Vertical section, 
magnified three diameters, shewing the central axis, complex inner area, and vesicular outer area; at top 
a portion of horizontal section, shewing the relation of these appearances. 
Genus. STROMBODES. See page 34. 
STROMBODES CONAXIS (A/°Coy). PI. 3. B. fig. 4. 
Ref—M°Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. IIT. p. 10. 
Sp. Ch.—Columns irregularly aggregated, averaging half an inch in width, mostly hexagonal; azis 
elliptical, formed of a series of closely superposed conical plates, connected by a few fine vertical lamelle ; 
vertical section, the outer area formed of broad, curved, slightly inclined plates, two rows between the wall 
and inner area; between this and the inner area there is a fine vertical defining line; inner area, very 
open cellular structure, of slightly curved, rather distant vesicular plates, which are nearly horizontal near 
the outer zone, but within seem gradually to bend up and become continuous with the close conical cup- 
like plates forming the axis; these latter seem connected by extremely delicate, irregular, radiating plates. 
Horizontal section, axis oval, of close irregular concentric lines, connected by few delicate radiating ones ; 
lamelliferous zone surrounding the axis, of about forty-two to forty-six alternately broad and rudimentary 
lamellie, supported by a double circle of interstitial plates at the circumference, with an outward curve ; 
outer zone wide, formed of large arched plates forming a loosely vesicular structure, the convexity of the 
curve inwards. Terminal star, axis very prominent, oval, vertically ribbed, but not twisted, seated in a 
deep oval or circular cup, lined by the strong radiating lamelle; outer zone nearly flat, oblique at the 
sides, faintly marked with rather distant, fine lines, representing probably a membranous extension of the 
strong radiating lamelle of the inner zone to the boundaries of the cells, which are strong, prominent, 
and slightly crenulated. 
In a rough transverse section the axis appears as a deep conical hollow on the under side. It will 
thus be seen that in the remarkable cone-in-cone structure of the axis this resembles the Russian Strombodes 
mamillare and S. astroides (Lithostrotion id. of Lonsdale), from both of which it differs in the axis not 
being twisted in the terminal star, in the outer zone not being traversed by strong radiating costal lamelle, 
from the former in the much less obliquity of the plates of the outer area, as well as the distinctness of 
all the three areas under every circumstance. In general appearance and imperfect radiation of the outer 
area it resembles the S. emarciatum and S. floriforme (Lithostrotion id. of Lonsdale), but is distinguished 
from the first by the rudimentary radiating lamelle between the primary ones, and from both by the 
conical structure of the axis, which is formed in them of irregularly twisted vertical plates. 
Position and Locality—Not uncommon in the carboniferous limestone near Bakewell, Derbyshire. 
Explanation of Figures.—P1. 8. B. fig. 4. Portion of large mass natural size, shewing the appearance 
of the weathered terminal cups, with the projecting conical axis—Fig. 4a. Do. Vertical section, the 
upper half polished, shewing the two rows of large cells of the outer area, the large, nearly simple, and 
horizontal cells of the inner area, and the fine, close, upward-curved lines representing the sections of the 
conical plates of the axis, with the few irregular connecting filaments; the upper end gives a profile of 
the terminal cup. The lower half is a rough section, shewing the separate cones of the axis entering 
into each other.—Fig. 44. Do. Horizontal section shewing the axis, the lamelliferous cylinder bounded 
by a double circle of small plates and the large vesicular structure of the outer area. 
