Zoopuyva. | UPPER PALAOZOIC RADIATA. 103 
STROMBODES EMARCIATUM (Lonsd. Sp.) 
Syn. and Ref—Lithostrotion id. Lonsd. Geol. Russ. p. 603. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum forming large masses of polygonal tubes, very unequal in size and shape, with an 
average diameter of about five lines, boundary walls strong, crenulated, vesicular perithecal zone of each star 
broad, not radiated by extensions of the lamelle; circular inner lamelliferous area, or true cell-tube, usually 
three lines in diameter, radiated by about twenty-three, thick equal lamellze, which reach the central axis; axis 
one line in diameter, composed of spirally complicated vesicular plates: horizontal section, boundary walls of 
the stars very thick, enclosing a broad, irregular, largely vesicular perithecal zone, not radiated by the lamellz ; 
lamellze thick, connected by very few transverse vesicular plates ; axis of irregularly complicated sections of its 
component lamellze: vertical section, outer area composed of moderately inclined, arched vesicular plates, 
extremely irregular in size and distribution, usually about three in a row; inner area composed of slightly 
curved yesicular plates, forming nearly horizontal irregular cells, one or two oe from the outer area 
to the axis. 
Easily distinguished from the S. floriforme by the unradiated outer area, | &e. 
Position and Locality—Rare in the carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire. 
STROMBODES FLORIFORME (Martin Sp.) 
Syn. and Ref.—E.. Madreporites floriforme Martin, Pet. Derb. t. 48. fig. 8. and t. 44. f. 5. 
Lithostrotion floriforme Lonsd. Geol. Russ. p. 609. 
Sp. Ch.—Corallum forming large, compound masses, of polygonal unequal cells, averaging five lines in 
diameter ; boundary walls thick, prominent, crenulated, outer surface of the tubes with obtuse costal strize, 
about five in two lines, rugged with large transverse inequalities of growth; terminal cups with the 
outer area slightly inclined, and strongly radiated by the costal extensions of about fifty radiating lamelle, 
half of which become slightly stronger in lining the very deep circular, central area, or cell-tube which 
is nearly three lines in diameter, from the centre of which projects the large cylindrical obtuse axis 
(about a line and half in diameter), rising nearly to the height of the boundary walls. Vertical section 
shews the thick cylindrical axis, composed of spirally twisted laminze; inner area composed of slightly 
curved vesicular plates, forming small, nearly horizontal cells, one or two reaching from the axis to the 
boundary-wall of the area, which is very thick and strongly defined; outer area composed of highly inclined, 
slightly curved, vesicular plates, forming lengthened cells, extending obliquely upwards and outwards, one 
or two extending from the inner cell-tube to the strong epithecal wall of the individual: horizontal section, 
epithecal wall strong, boundary-wall of the circular lamelliferous tube strong; outer or perithecal area, 
irregularly vesicular, crossed by about fifty-two delicate costal prolongations of the radiating lamellze, 
twenty-six of which penetrate but a short way within the cell-tube, the other twenty- Six increasing in 
thickness and reaching the axis, connected by few or no delicate vesicular plates; axis forming a Goanaced 
circular mesh of the ie edges of its component lamine. 
Although the above diameter of the stars is the average one, I have yet seen occasional columns, 
nine lines in diameter. The radiation of the outer area and distinct secondary lamellz, easily distinguish 
this species from the Strombodes emarciatum. 
Position and Locality —Very common in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire; in the red car- 
boniferous limestone of Bristol; and beautifully weathered in the pinkish carboniferous limestone of Chalk 
Quarry, near Rosley, Cumberland. 
