302 BRITISH PAL/ZOZOIC FOSSILS. [GasTEROPODA. 
NATICOPSIS ? GLAUCINOIDES (Sow. Sp.) Pl. 1. K. fig. 35. 
Ref. and Syn. = Natica glaucinoides Sow. Sil. Syst. t. 3. f. 14, (not of the Min. Con.) 
Sp. Ch.—Spheroidal, depressed, spire very small, of three turns; apical angle about 100°; whorls most 
convex in the middle; suture, channelled ; shell thick, crossed by numerous irregular, slightly oblique, rather dis- 
tant, thread-like ridges, and fine intermediate strize. Length about two and half lines, width the same. 
T have not seen the pillar-lip, so that there is some doubt of the genus, nor the “closed umbilicus” spoken 
of by Mr Sowerby. 
Position and Locality—Common in the reddish, calcareous, concretionary bed of Upper Ludlow rock, at 
Beckfoot, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland, and greenish tilestone of Benson Knot, Kendal, Westmoreland. 
19th Family. PYRAMIDELLID. 
Shell elongate, ovate, without periostraca ; surface smooth and polished; columella thickened, often with 
prominent plaits ; outer lip thin (animal hermaphrodite). 
The shells of this family differ from the Paludinide in their polished surface, without periostraca, and 
thickened columella. 
Genera :—1, Eulima ; 2, Chemnitzia ; 8, Odostomia; 4, Loxonema ; 5, Macrochilus ; 6, Pyramidella ; 7, Bo- 
nellia; 8, Nerinwa. 
Genus. LOXONEMA (Phill.) 
Gen. Char.—Shell narrow, very long; spire of very numerous convex whorls ; apex simply pointed ; body 
whorl small; aperture elongate, oblong, indented by the body whorl, much longer than wide, prolonged in front 
into a rounded lobe, not angulated behind; lips disunited behind, outer lip oblique, with a rounded backward 
sinus at base, convex in the middle; columella slightly thickened ; surface of whorls crossed by close, oblique, 
sigmoid, thread-like ridges. 
The anterior prolongation of the mouth and deeply sinuate lip, as well as the apex being simply in the line 
of the other turns, distinguish this Paleozoic genus from Chemmnitzia. 
LoXONEMA ELEGANS (M‘Coy). Pl. 1. K. fig. 34. 
Ref—Ild. M°Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. VII. p. 48. 
Sp. Ch.—Spire very slender, elongate conic ; apical angle about 20°; of about six elongate, evenly convex 
volutions, crossed by thread-like strie arching forward at their ends, and with a broad backward wave in the 
middle (about three in the space of one line); sutures deep, simple ; sutural angle 100°. Length one inch 
5 
eleven lines, proportional length of last whorl ;, width jj. 
The greater length and slenderness of the whorls, and the broader and more shallow wave in the strie, 
separate it from the so-called Tvrebra sinuosa (Sow.) 
Position and Locality—In the Lower Ludlow of Green Quarry, Leintwardine, Shropshire. 
Explanation of Figure.—PI. 1. K. fig. 34, natural size. 
20th Family. PALUDINIDA. 
Shells elongate, turbinate, covered with periostraca; aperture entire, rounded, closed by a corneous or 
shelly operculum: (animal with two tentacles, eyes at their bases ; no respiratory tube; fresh water and marine). 
Genera :—Ist, Paludina; 2nd, Paludestrina; 8rd, Valvata; 4th, Melania; 5th, Melanopsis; 6th, Tur- 
ritella; 7th, Holopella; 8th, Scalaria; 9th, Rissoa; 10th, Rissoina; 11th, Alwania; 12th, Litorina ; 13th, 
Fossarus ; 14th, Lacuna; 15, Planazis. 
