412 BRITISH PALAXOZOIC FOSSILS. [ Bracutopopa. 
Position and Locality—Common in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire ; carboniferous limestone of 
Malham Moor. 
SEMINULA SEMINULA (Phill. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn.=Terebratula seminula Phill. Geol. York. Vol. II. t. 12. f. 21, 22, 283. = Spirifer nucleolus 
Kutorga, Verhandlungen der Russ. Kaiserl. Min. Gesellschaft for 1842, t. 5. f. 7.=Seminula pisum M°Coy, 
Syn. Carb. Foss. Irel. = Terebratula vesicularis de Koninck, Anim. Foss. Bel. Suppl. t. 16. f. 10. 
Dese.—Ovato-pentagonal, very gibbous; front narrow, about as wide as the nearly straight anterior lateral 
margins ; posterior lateral margins considerably longer and more convex than the anterior ; receiving valve very 
gibbous, greatest depth in the middle of the length, from whence the profile slopes almost equally to the beak 
and front margin ; after three lines long two equal obtusely rounded ridges extend to the front margin, sepa- 
rated by a deep rounded sulcus, equalling them in size ; outer side of each ridge defined by a slight concavity, so 
that the front has a distinctly-marked W-shaped sinus; the convexity of two of the waves towards the receiving 
valve, the convexity of three of the waves, directed towards the entering valve (the middle one of which is only 
as large as the intervening ones) ; the middle portion tumid, sloping rapidly to the margins; beak moderately 
large, obtusely angulated on the sides, with the apex truncated by a moderate, circular, foramen. Entering 
valve, with the middle portion, evenly gibbous, and a narrow space round the margin, abruptly sloping to the 
edges; after two lines from the beak three equal, obtusely-rounded ridges, rather smaller than those of the 
opposite valve, become developed towards the front margin, separated by two equal concave furrows, the outer 
pair defined on their outer side by a shallow depression; surface nearly smooth, or with a few lines of growth 
at the margin; punctation under the lens extremely small. Length of large specimen five lines, proportional 
length of entering valve ;%, greatest width (a little in front of the middle) 5;, depth of receiving valve ;;,, depth 
of entering valve =. 
This species is so like the Camarophoria globulina of the Permian rocks, that some writers (calling the 
present species by Kutorga’s name) seem unable to distinguish them; the Permian fossil is, however, more 
rounded, has the two ridges on the entering instead of the receiving valve, and even when the beak cannot be 
examined, even fragments of the two might be discriminated by the tissue of the shell (under a strong lens) of 
the Permian species being densely fibrous, and that of the present one being closely punctured. I have ascer- 
tained the presence of the loop, which is little more than one-third the length of the shell. This is the original 
type of my genus Seminula ; and, although it might be desirable to change the specific name, I am yet unwilling 
to do so, or in any way to interfere with the golden rule of the priority of specific nomenclature, although I 
formerly proposed for it the specific name piswm in the above-quoted work (the difference between the descrip- 
tions of the plaits being due to those I formerly examined having been immature). This species is allied to the 
S. rhomboidalis (Phill. Sp.), but is distinguished by its obtuse gibbous form ; it is also allied to the S. sacculus 
(Mart. Sp.), but is distinguished by its doubly indented and ridged front, &c. Mr Sowerby’s middle figure of 
Terebratula sacculus in the Mineral Conchology seems to belong to this species. 
Position and Locality —Not very uncommon in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
SEMINULA SUFFLATA (Schlot. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn. = Terebratulites sufflatus Schlot. Akad. Miinch. Vol. VI. t. 7. f. 10, 11. = Apithyris id. 
King, Perm. Foss. t. 7. f. 1 to 9. 
Desc.—Longitudinally ovate, or very obscurely sub-pentagonal, moderately gibbous ; margins rather tumid, 
obtuse ; front narrowed; lateral margins nearly straight, with a slight, gradual arch towards the receiving valve ; 
middle of front margin abruptly raised into a small rounded lobe towards the entering valve, slightly indenting 
the margin ; receiving valve moderately convex, greatest depth at one-third from the beak; beak large, tumid, 
prominent, moderately incurved; sides rounded; foramen large, truncating the apex; a narrow mesial furrow 
extends nearly from the beak to the rounded wave in the front margin; in the casts the mesial septum is 
