502 BRITISH PALAZOZOIC FOSSILS. [ LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 
EpMONDIA PHASEOLINA (Gold. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn.= Sanguinolaria phaseolina Gold. Pet. t. 159. f. 15. 
Dese.—Oblong, compressed, sides gently convex, posterior slope undefined; beaks moderate, prominent, 
about one-fourth from the anterior end, which is gently compressed, elliptically rounded; posterior end slightly 
oblique, subtruncate ; anterior lunette narrow; ventral margin slightly convex; casts have the surface marked 
with fine, close, radiating strize, crossed by nearly obsolete, obtuse, irregular, slightly undulating concentric wrinkles. 
Length one inch one and half lines, proportional width from beaks ;5, width of posterior end =, length of ante- 
rior end 4, depth of both valves ;;. 
I have little doubt that the slight sinus in the ventral margin given by Goldfuss results from an imperfec- 
tion (as we might suspect even from his figure), numerous specimens before me agreeing otherwise with his 
figure and description shewing no trace of it. I have not seen the external surface; the casts shew the two 
adductors and simple pallial scar faintly marked, and the sulcus of a strong cardinal ridge running close under 
the cardinal margin, dilating within the cavity of the beak, the broad end terminating along the edge of the 
narrow lunette. The smaller size, compression of the valves, longer anterior end, and nearly obsolete undulated 
wrinkles separate it from the LZ. oblonga. 
Position and Locality.—Not uncommon in the carboniferous limestone of Lowick, Northumberland. 
Epmonpia RupIs (A/‘Coy). Pl. 3. F. fig. 9. 
Ref.—M°Coy, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2nd Series, Vol. XII. 
Desc.—Rotundato-quadrate, very gibbous, beaks very large, obtuse; posterior end broad, subtruncate, 
very slightly oblique; posterior slope flattened, steep, undefined; anterior end subtruncate, abruptly compressed ; 
ventral margin gently convex ; hinge-line nearly as long as the shell, slightly raised; middle of the shell with 
very unequal rugged plicze parallel with the ventral margin ; anterior and posterior slopes nearly smooth. Length 
85 
one inch one line, proportional width =, width of posterior end =, length of anterior end ;;;, depth of one 
valve =. 
The short, quadrate, extremely gibbous form and unequal rugged plice, distinguish this species from all 
other carboniferous fossils that I know, at a glance. There is often a sort of large, obscure, pitting between the 
plice. The cardinal cartilage ridge is very thick, and nearly as long as the hinge-line, or simple, erect, cardinal 
margin. 
Position and Locality.—Rare in the impure carboniferous limestone of Lowick, Northumberland. 
Explanation of Figures.—P|. F. fig. 9, right valve, natural size. 
2 
EpMONDIA ScALARIS (J/°Coy). PI. 3. H. fig. 6. 
Ref. and Syn.= Venerupis scalaris M°Coy, Syn. Carb. Foss. Irel. t. 12. f. 6. 
Desc.—Oblong, short, very tumid ; beaks very large, tumid, incurved, greatest depth at about one-third 
the distance between their apex and the ventral margin, the sides gradually sloping from thence to the ventral 
edges, abruptly sloping posteriorly to form the imperfectly defined posterior slope, also abruptly sloping to the 
anterior edges; anterior side very small, compressed, rotundato-quadrate ; anterior lunette short, ovate, deep ; 
posterior end subquadrate, obtuse ; hinge-line nearly as long as the shell; surface marked with about ten regu- 
lar, very large, angular, concentric ridges, separated by obtusely angular interspaces. Length eleven lines, pro- 
portional width from beak to ventral margin *, length of anterior end ;;,, depth of both valves 
Casts shew the very thick cartilage ridge running nearly the length of the hinge-line a short way below 
the simple, erect, dorsal margins. 
This is one of the most strongly-marked fossils of the carboniferous limestone, from its large, smooth, 
angular, concentric ridges. 
Position and Locality —V ery rare in the carboniferous limestone of Lowick, Northumberland. 
Explanation of Figures—P1\. 3. H. fig. 6, left valve, natural size. 
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