GastTrERopopa. | UPPER PALAZOZOIC MOLLUSCA. 541 
convex, leaving a slight concavity between it and the tumid margin to the channelled sutures ; under side of body- 
whorl convex; umbilicus scarcely exposing the inner whorls, deep with rounded margin; mouth very deeply 
indented by the preceding whorl. Surface marked with fine, nearly direct, transverse irregular lines of growth. 
Diameter nine lines, proportional height of spire and last whorl ;;, width of mouth =, width of penultimate 
whorl 4, width of umbilicus =. 
I can see no trace of inner lip in the specimen before me of this very distinct species. 
Position and Locality.—Rare in the carboniferous limestone of Poolwash, Isle of Man. 
STRAPAROLLUS PUGILIS (Phill. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn. = Euomphalus id. + E. bifrons Phill. Geol. York. Vol. II. t. 18. f. 4; Sow. Min. Con. t. 621. 
f. 2 to 4. and t. 633. f. 2. 
Dese.—Discoid, spire depressed below the level of the body-whorl, of about five gradually increasing whorls ; 
mouth vertically oval, middle of upper and under sides traversed by nearly equal obtuse keels, between which the 
periphery is very convex ; upper ridge set with subequal, slightly compressed, blunt tubercles, strongest on the 
body-whorl, becoming obsolete on the central ones ; about sixteen tubercles to each whorl; under keel bordering 
the umbilicus sometimes set with tubercles, resembling those of the upper side in size and number (var. pugilis); 
on other specimens the tubercles on the under keel are nearly or quite obsolete (var. bifrons) ; umbilicus very 
wide, exposing the keel on the inner whorl. Surface faintly crossed by minute direct lines of growth. Average 
diameter one inch six lines, proportional width of last whorl *,, depth of last whorl *4, diameter of umbilicus 53; , 
diameter across upper keel =. 
Mr Sowerby has clearly shewn that the two species, 2. bifrons and L. pugilis of Phillips, depending on 
whether the upper keel only, or the upper and under are tuberculated, are only varieties of one species. The 
Euomphalus tuberculatus of de Koninck differs in having the spire a little elevated, and rather smaller and more 
numerous tubercles (about twenty to each whorl), the under side like the present species being sometimes tuber- 
culated and sometimes plain. 
Position and Locality ——Not uncommon in the carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
STRAPAROLLUS TABULATUS (Phill. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn. = Cirrus tabulatus Phill. Geol. York. Vol. II. t. 13. f.7; Sow. Min, Con. t. 638. f. 1. (not the 
other figures.) 
Desc.—Depresso-conical ; apical angle about 130°; spire of about six whorls, rapidly enlarging so that 
a line from the apex to the edge of the body-whorl will not touch the other whorls of the spire; upper portion of 
each whorl flat, nearly horizontal, (slightly inclined inwards and downwards on the body-whorl, and slightly out- 
wards and downwards on the whorls of the spire, bounded by an obtuse, strongly-marked keel, very slightly 
outside the middle of the spiral whorls ; outside of which the whorls are flattened, and sloping downwards and 
outwards on the spire, and on the body-whorl till near the base, where they are abruptly rounded into the umbili- 
cus, making the periphery and under side very convex; mouth oval, obliquely transverse. Surface crossed by 
moderately strong, slightly sigmoid lines of growth; substance of the shell very thick. Diameter of small spe- 
cimen two inches eight lines, proportional diameter across the keel =, width of last whorl #3, depth of ditto ;;,, 
width of penultimate whorl 74, height of spire <4, diameter of umbilicus about ;;. 
Prof. Phillips’s figure has an unfortunate sharpness in the lower line, which gives the base the appearance 
of being carinated, and is probably the reason why Prof. de Koninck has figured apparently the S. calya as this 
species, although in his specimen the spire was sunk below the level of the body-whorl. Mr Sowerby on the 
plate above cited has united to this species my 8. crotalostomus, which however is a very distinct, extremely large 
rugged species, with depressed spire; a mistake which may have been produced (as he mentions Kendal) by some 
specimens I have seen made for sale by the dealers there, where the last whorls of S. crotalostomus have specimens 
