546 BRITISH PAL/EOZOIC FOSSILS. (GAsTEROPODA. 
LoxONEMA SCALAROIDEA (Phill. Sp.) 
Ref and Syn.= Melania scalaroidea Phill. Geol. York. Vol. II. t. 16. f. 3.= Chemnitzia scalaroidea 
de Kon. Anim. Foss. Bel. t. 41. f. 4. 
Desc.—Elongate, conic, of about eight gradually increasing whorls ; apical angle 27°; sutures deep, simple ; 
volutions moderately convex near the upper and lower sutures, rather flattened in the middle, crossed by 
numerous, regular, nearly equal, acute, slightly arched, thread-like, slightly oblique ridges, their own thickness 
apart, separated by deep concave sulci, about twenty ridges on each whorl at a diameter of one line (upwards of 
thirty at a diameter of two lines); base of last whorl smooth, moderately convex. Length of small specimen 
two and half lines, proportional width =. 
The ridges of this species extend right across the whorls, with a slight forward obliquity towards the lower 
sutures, simply arched (not sigmoid). The very small size of our specimen renders it impossible to give 
any further proportional measurements with accuracy. 
Position and Locality—Rare in the black beds overlying the main carboniferous limestone of Derbyshire. 
LoxONEMA TENUISTRIA (Phill. Sp.) 
Ref. and Syn. = Turitella? tenuistria Phill. Geol. York. Vol. II. t. 16. f. 4; ?= Ulima Phillipsiana de Kon. 
Anim. Foss. Bel. t. 41. f. 8. = Loxonema levigata de Kon. (Ap. Dumont.) 
Desc.—Shell very regular, smooth, even, acutely conic; apical angle 30°; spire composed of about ten 
(seven or eight usually preserved) gradually increasing whorls, flat or slightly prominent near the lower suture; 
sutures very fine, simple, linear; body-whorl obtusely-angulated at the circumference between the flattened 
upper portion and the convex base; mouth obliquely rounded, slightly longer than wide. Surface under a strong 
lens marked with very faint, slightly oblique lines of growth, very slightly inversely sigmoid towards the mouth, 
crossed by close, extremely minute, slightly flexuous, and slightly unequal spiral strie (twenty-five in a space 
of one line). Length of last seven whorls of rather small specimen eleven lines, proportional length of body- 
whorl “4, diameter of body-whorl 4, space between last and penultimate sutures 4, diameter of penultimate 
whorl *. 
In most specimens this species to the naked eye is so smooth that as it agrees in spiral angle, outline 
and proportions, with the U/ima Phillipsiana de Kon. (Loxonema laevigata of the same author formerly), I have 
little doubt that species should be referred, as a synonym, to the present one. Generally the whorls are flat and 
the surface remarkably even, owing to the sutures entirely concealing the angulation, which is visible on the 
base of the body-whorl, but sometimes the sutures are a little lower down, slightly exposing this angulation on 
some of the spiral turns, as in Mr Phillips’s figure ; the former condition rather agreeing with M. de Koninck’s 
figure. ‘The mouth and columella agree with those of ordinary species of Loxonema. 
Position and Locality—Common in the impure carboniferous limestone of Kendal. 
LoxoNEMA TuMmIDA (Phill.) 
Ref. and Syn.=Melania tumida Phill. Geol. York. Vol. Il. t. 16. f. 2.=ZLoxonema tumida Phill. 
Pal. Foss. f. 186. 
Dese—Acutely conic; apical angle 36°; spire of ten gradually increasing whorls, separated by deep, 
linear, simple sutures; whorls moderately convex, most so a little below the middle; base flattened, convex ; 
mouth nearly orbicular ; surface of the whorls crossed by strong, oblique, straight, or slightly arched, thread-like 
striee of growth, becoming irregularly stronger towards the mouth of old specimens. Length of rather small 
specimen nine lines, proportional width of body-whorl 4, 
space between last and penultimate sutures =. 
This species is easily distinguished by its deep, simple, non-imbricating sutures, short conical form, and 
numerous convex whorls, with their strong strize of growth, or minute costule. 
Position and Locality —Rare in the earboniferous limestone of Kendal, Westmoreland. 
80 
length of body-whorl or mouth =, width of mouth = 
100? 
