HISTORY OF EUROPE. 



239 



army, or any other service. No 

 man or woman was to keep a do- 

 mestic not provided with a -certi- 

 ficate of inscription. Strict or- 

 ders were likewise issued by the 

 prefect of the police to all keepers 

 of inns, hotels, and lodging- 

 houses, to keep registers of the 

 names, qualities, common resi- 

 dences, outgoings and incomings 

 of all persons passing the night in 

 their houses. The names of, with 

 particulars respecting such per- 

 sons, to be written in close conti- 

 nuation to each other, without 

 leaving any blanks, (which might 

 leave room for interpolation) on 

 paper stamped, and otherwise 

 marked, and signed by the com- 

 missary of police of the division. 

 The nature of all such houses as 

 entertained or lodged people, was 

 ordered to be inscribed in large 

 characters on boards placed on 

 the head of the door. All this 

 was ordered under the pains and 

 penalties denounced by the 475th 

 article of the penal code — We 

 have not seen this code: but we 

 suppose the 4<75th article to be a 

 severe one. 



By a decree of the 18th of 

 August, no Englishman was suf- 

 fered either to go out of France, 

 or come to France, without a pass- 

 port signed by his own hand. 

 Ships carrying Englishmen either 

 to or from France, without such 

 licence, to be forfeited; the cap- 

 tain to be hanged. A circular let- 

 ter was sent to all the maritime 

 prefects, to make a strict search 

 after any persons that might be 

 on board of ships coming in or 

 going out of the ports of France, 

 not mentioned in the ship's in- 

 voice. If any such persons 

 should be found, they were im- 



mediately, whatever might be 

 their native country, to be sent 

 to Paris. 



An imperial decree was issued 

 in December for restraining the 

 liberty of the press. In its provi- 

 sions it was extremely minute; 

 consisting of not fewer than fift3'- 

 one articles ; among the most 

 essential of which were the fol- 

 lowing : — Article I. There shall 

 be a director general, under the 

 orders of the minister of the in- 

 terior, charged with the superin- 

 tendence of every thing relating 

 to ihe printing and publication of 

 books. Art. 2. The director ge- 

 neral shall have the assistance of 

 six auditors. From the first of 

 January 1811, the number of 

 printers in each department shall 

 be fixed, and that of the printers 

 in Paris reduced to sixty. Art. 5. 

 Printers shall receive warrants, 

 and swear attachment to the 

 country and loyalty to the sove- 

 reign. Art. 6. There shall be in 

 Paris only four printing presses, 

 and in each of the departments 

 only two. Art. 10. It is pro- 

 hibited to print, or cause to be 

 printed, any thing contrary to the 

 duty which the subjects owe to 

 the sovereign, or to the interests of 

 the state. Transgressors of this 

 law shall be brought before the 

 imperial tribunals, and punished 

 according to the penal code ; this, 

 however, without prejudice to the 

 right of the minister of the inte- 

 rior, on the report of the director 

 general, to deprive the offending 

 printer of his warrant. Art. 12. 

 The printer shall transmit to the 

 director general of the printing 

 and bookselling business, a copy 

 of the manuscripts in his hands, 

 and also one to the prefect of the 



