GENERAL HISTORY. 
him the proceedings, when he by 
himself pronounced sentence of 
exile or imprisonment for longer 
or shorter terms upon thirty-two 
persons, who had been the most 
distinguished deputies to the Cor- 
tes, or promoters of liberal prin- 
ciples. Of the nature of these 
sentencesaspecimen may be given 
in that ofthe celebrated Arguel- 
les, to serve ten years as a com- 
mon soldier in the regiment sta- 
tioned at Ceuta; and in that of 
Garcia Herreros, former minister 
of grace and justice, to serve eight 
years in chains in the garrison of 
Gomera. Such is the prospect 
afforded of thereign of the deloved 
Ferdinand ! 
Of the occurrences inItaly dur- 
ing this year, the most important 
have been related in the chapter 
concerning Murat and the revo- 
Jution at Naples ; some circum- 
Stances however remain to be no- 
ticed with respect to that country. 
The Roman Pontiff continued 
to pursue the plan of restoring to 
hhis see all the authority belong- 
ing to the head of the Catholic 
church, and of renovating the im- 
paired dignity of réligious insti- 
tutions. On the first day of the 
year he issued a bull against ec- 
elesiastical abuses, which contain- 
ed various injunctions for render- 
ipg more sacred and respectable 
the characters of persons in holy 
orders. His expulsion from Rome 
in consequence ef the advance of 
King Joachim’s troops, and his 
subsequent restoration after the 
fall of that temporary sovereign, 
were mentioned among the inci- 
dents of the Neapolitan war. 
That important change in the 
affairs of Italy was followed by 
[119 
an event of which notice was 
given bya proclamation published 
at Bologna on July 18th, by Car- 
dinal Gonsalvi, secretary of state 
to the pope, and addressed to the 
legations of Bologna, | Ferrara, 
and Ravenna. The people of 
these districts are informed that 
by the unanimous will of the al- 
lies they are restored to the Holy 
See. Thesentiments of his Holi- 
ness on the occasion arethen com- 
municated to them, which are, 
that every display of political con- 
duct and opinion which had taken 
place in these provinces is banish- 
ed from his mind, and that it is 
his desire that all shall look for- 
ward to the future with equal 
confidence and security ; further, 
he expects that all the citizens 
shall imitate his example, and for- 
getting every thing past, shall re- 
gard each other as brothers, being 
all equally his sons. Moreover, 
his. Holiness engages, that pur- 
chasers of property from the pre- 
ceding governments, who have 
made their purchasesaccording to 
the laws then subsisting, shall 
not be disturbed in their posses- 
sion ; and he also guarantees the 
public debt of the provinces, and 
the civil and military pensions, 
reserving only his claims on fo- 
reign countries inrespect of them. 
The reduction of the taxes is then 
declared, and assurance is given 
that his Holiness will immediate- 
ly employ himself on a new sys- 
tem of administration conform- 
able to the welfare of his people. 
A particular account of the cir- 
cumstances connected with the 
restoration of the Papal territory 
was the subject of an allocution 
of the Pope in the Secret Consis- 
