108 ANNUAL REGISTER, 1818. [Aug. 



direct or indirect taxes are re- 

 pealed. 



9. All citizens of the three 

 Christian confessions have equal 

 claims to all civil and military 

 appointments, and all ecclesias- 

 tical offices. 



All foreigners on whom we 

 confer an office of state, obtain 

 by that grant immediate natural- 

 ization. 



10. Diiference in birth and 

 religion, along with the excep- 

 tions made by the Act of Fede- 

 ration for noble families, estab- 

 lishes no exception for military 

 service. 



11. The territorial charges 

 and obligations declared redeem- 

 able, and the repealed duties on 

 servitude shall be placed by a 

 particular law on a regular foot- 

 ing of purchase. 



12. The law of the 1 4th of 

 August, 1817, respecting the 

 freedom of transports, shall be 

 considered an essential part of 

 the Constitution. 



13. With respect to personal 

 liberty and property, all Badenese 

 are placed on an equal footing 

 under the protection of the Con- 

 stitution. 



14. The tribunals are indepen- 

 dent within the limits of their 

 competency. 



15. In criminal affairs no man 

 can be withdraMu from his re- 

 gular judges ; no one can be 

 arrested otherwise than accord- 

 ing to the legal forms, nor de- 

 tained more than 48 hours in 

 prison without a hearing on the 

 grounds of his arrest. 



The Grand Duke can miti- 

 gate or entirely annul sentences, 

 but cannot render them more 

 severe. 



16. All confiscations of pro- 

 perty are abolished. 



17. The liberty of the press 

 shall be exercised according to 

 the future regulations of the 

 Diet. 



18. Every inhabitant enjoys 

 undisturbed freedom of consci- 

 ence, and equal protection with 

 respect to his religious worship. 



19. The political rights of the 

 three Christian religions are 

 equal. 



20. Ecclesiastical property, 

 and the property and revenues 

 of institutions for education and 

 charitable purposes, cannot be 

 diverted from their object. 



21. The dotations of both uni- 

 versities and other high literary es- 

 tablishments, whether consisting 

 of particular estates and revenues, 

 or of grants from the public trea- 

 sury, shall not be diminished. 



22. Every obligation of the 

 State to its creditors is invio- 

 lable. 



The establishment of the Sink- 

 ing Fund will be maintained on 

 its present system. 



23. The privileges which were, 

 by the Edict of the 23rd April, 

 1818, granted to the former 

 States of the Empire belonging 

 to the Grand Duchy and the 

 immediate Imperial Knights, 

 form an essential part of this 

 Constitution. 



24. The relative privileges of 

 the servants of the State are gua- 

 ranteed by the Constitution in 

 the same manner as they are at 

 present by law established. 



25. The lay and clerical widow 

 chests, and the fire insurance, 

 shall subsist as hitherto estab- 

 lished under the protection of 

 the Constitution, 



III. 



