MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. 





cajiital between the Coromandel 

 coast and tne Malayan penin- 

 sula. If any country, theiefore, 

 in the Archipelago, lays claim 

 to this distinction more tlian 

 another, it is Java ; but, proba- 

 bly, it was rtither to tlie Eastern 

 Islands generally, than to one 

 island in paiticular, that the ap- 

 pellation was given. Both Pto- 

 lemy and the Arabians would 

 .?eem to luivc distiiiguisiied the 

 islands by one general name. 

 By the one they were termed 

 " Jabadios Insu'ae ;" by the 

 others, " Jau or Jawa;" and 

 hence, probably, tlie C()nfll•^i;)n 

 in the travels of Marco Polo, 

 and the still disputed rpiestion, 

 between Java Major and Java 

 Minor. 



The second division would in- 

 clude the period between this first 

 regular establi-ihment from West- 

 ern India, and the decline and 

 fall of the first Eastern Em])ii e in 

 Java, which may be fixed with 

 tolei'al^de accuracy at about the 

 Javanese vear 1000, or A. D. 

 1073. 



During this period, by far the 

 most eventful in the history of 

 Java, we shall find that colonies 

 of foreigners estalilished them- 

 selves, not only in Java, but in 

 various other islands of the Ar- 

 chipelago ; that the arts, parti- 

 cularly those of architecture and 

 sculpture, flourished in a su- 

 perior degree, and that the lan- 

 guage, literature and institutions 

 of the continent of India were 

 transfused in various directions 

 throwgh the oriental islands. It 

 was during tliis period, that the 

 principal temples, of which the 

 ruins now exist in Java, were 

 built; and, beside the concurring 



testimonies of tradition, and the 

 written compositions of the coun- 

 try, the numerous inscriptions 

 and dates, on stone and copper, 

 the characters of which we are 

 now a!;le to decypher, as well as 

 the ancient coins, v\ou!u lend es- 

 sential aid in establishing a cor- 

 rect chronology. On the one 

 hand, it would be cur task to 

 direct our inquiries to the history 

 of the various continental nations 

 whence these foieigners may have 

 j)roceeded ; and, (;n the other, to 

 the nature and extent of tiie es- 

 tablislnnents, intercourse, and ci- 

 viliz:iti(m intiodnced byihem into 

 the dllfe.-ent islands. 



This period will commence from 

 the arrival of .\wap, the rep\ited 

 son of Balia Atcha, so\ereign of 

 Kucjiiat, who can;e in search of 

 a celebrated counrry, described 

 in the writings of Saka ; and 

 who, under tlie name of .Sewelo 

 Cholo, established the first re- 

 gular monarchy of which the 

 Javanese annals make mention ; 

 and include the adventures of the 

 celebrated Panji, the pri^ie and 

 aduiiration of succeeding ages. 

 Our attention woidd also be di- 

 rected, in a particular manner, to 

 the intercourse between Java and 

 the other isiantls, and the nature 

 and extent of the foreign esta- 

 blishments foiiued by Java. Tia- 

 dition, and the popular j'omances 

 of the country, represent, not 

 only the kingdoms of Ooa and 

 Luhu in Celebes, but e^en the 

 kingdom of Mcnangkabaii, in Jmi- 

 matia, to have been established 

 about the conclusion f>f this [le- 

 riod, by princes from Java. 



The third division would in- 

 clude the period from the above 

 date to the final overthrow of the 



second 



