78 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 35. 



his friends the cue to commence from the last 

 word, and begin backwards. The following are 

 other verses of the same sort : — 



AD JULIUM in. PONTinCEM MAXIMUM. 



" Pontifici sua suit Divino Numine tuto 

 Culmina, uec montes hos petat omnipotens." 



AD CAROLUM V. C^SAREM. 



" Caesareum tibi sit felici sidere nomeu, 

 Carole, nee fatum sit tibi Caesareum." 



W. G. S. 



" 0." is referred to a low and scurrilous transla^ 

 tion, or rather imitation of the epigrams of Martial 

 and others, purporting to be " by the Ilev. Mr. 

 Scott, M.A.," and published in London in 1773. 



Therein the lines quoted by " O." are given, 

 accompanied by a sony attempt at translation ; 

 and the epigram is attributed to 



" One Cianconius, a Dominican Friar, in honour of 

 Pope Clement the Fourth. 



A.E.B. 



Leeds. 



Mother of Thomas a Becket (Vol. i., pp. 415. 

 490.). — Thierry, in the 8th vol. of his Histoire de 

 hi Conquete de T Angleterre par les Normands, 

 quotes as an authority for the account of the 

 Eastern origin of the mother of Thomas a Becket, 

 Vila et Processus S. Thomm Cantuarieiisis, seu 

 Quadripartila Historia, cap. ii. fol. 3. W. G. S. 



Medal of Stukeley. — In answer to Mr. Bkitton's 

 Queries (Vol. i., p. 122., and Vol. ii., p. 40.), I beg 

 to inform liim that the medal of Stukeley was exe- 

 cuted soon after that eminent antiquary's death 

 by an artist of the name of Gaal, who was not a 

 die-sinker, but a modeller and chaser. The medal 

 is rare, but not unique : I have one in my own col- 

 lection, and I have, 1 think, seen one or two others. 

 They are all cast in a mould and chased. 



Edw. Hawkins. 



June 13. 1850. 



Dulcarnon (Vol. i., p. 254.). — Has Didcarnon 

 any reference to the Hindostanee Dhoulcaimein, 

 two-horned, — the epithet constantly applied in 

 India to Alexander the Great, or Iskander, as they 

 call him ? It seems not a bad word for a dilemma 

 or puzzle. H- W, 



NottingViam. 



Practice of Scalping. — Your correspondent T. J. 

 will find in ^h\ Layard's Nineveh and its Remains 

 (vol. ii. p. 374.) the following note : — 



" The Scythians scalped and flayed their enemies, 

 and used their skins as horse trappings." — Herod, iv. 64. 



^ " G.ll. 



Greenock. 



Scalping. — Perhaps your correspondent T. J. 

 (Vol. ii., p. 12.) may recollect the allusion to 



" scalping," in Psalm Ixviii. 21. ; upon which verse 

 an argument has been based in favour of the sup- 

 position, that the aborigines of America are de- 

 rived from the ten tribes of Israel. J. Sansom, 



Derivation of Penny (Vol. i., pp. 384. 411.). — 

 Akerman's Numismatic Manual (p. 228.) has, under 

 the head of " Penny," the following remarks : — 



" The penny is next in antiquity. It is first mentioned 

 in the laws of Ina. The term has been derived by 

 various writers from almost every European language ; 

 but the conjecture of Wachter, as noticed by Lye, 

 seems the most reasonable. This writer derives it from 

 the Celtic word pen, head ; the heads of the Saxon 

 princes being stamped on the earliest pennies. Tlie 

 fact of the testoon of later times having been so named, 

 certainly adds weight to the opinion of Wachter." 



W. G. S. 



" By Hook or by Crook " (Vol. i., p. 405.). — The 

 following extract may, perhaps, by multiplying 

 instances, tend to corroborate the supposed origin 

 of the above saying: — 



" Not far from them [Peverell's Crosses], in the pa- 

 rish of Egloshayle, is another moonstone [granite] 

 cross near Mount Charles, called the Prior's Cross, on 

 which is cut the figure of a hook and a crook, in me- 

 mory of the privilege granted by him to the poor of 

 Bodmin, for gathering for fire-boot and house-boot 

 such boughs and branches of such trees in his con- 

 tiguous wood of Dunmere, as they could leach with a 

 hook and a crook without further damage to the trees. 

 From whence arose the Cornish proverb, they will have 

 it by hook or by crook." — Hitchins and Urewe, Hfst. 

 Cornwall, p. 214. vol. ii. edit. 1824. 



Selebcus. 



Burning dead Bodies. — In his remarks on 

 " ashes to ashes," Cinis says (Vol. i., p. 22.) that " tlie 

 burning of the dead does not appear to be in itself 

 an anti-christian ceremony," &c. : he is mistaken, 

 for the early Christians, like the Jews, never burned 

 their dead, but buried them. The catacombs of 

 Rome and Naples, besides those in other places, 

 were especially used for sepulture ; and if Cinis 

 wish for proofs, he will find an abundance in Rock's 

 Hierurgia, t. ii. p. 802., &c. Cepuas. 



Etymology of " Barbarian" Sfc. — Passow, in 

 his Lexicon (ed. Liddell and Scott), s. v. fidpSapos, 

 observes that the word was originally applied to 

 " all that were not Greeks, or that did not speak 

 Greek. It was used of all defects which the Greeks 

 thouijht foreign to themselves and natural to other 

 nations : but as the Hellenes and Barbarians were 

 most of all separated by language, the word had 

 always especial reference to this, yXwcan PapSupn, 

 Soph. Aj. 1263, &c." He considers the word as 

 probably an onomatopeeion, to express the sound 

 of A foreign tongue. (Cf. Gibbon, c. Ii. ; Roth, Ueber 



