174 



NOTES AND QUEEIES. 



[No. 41. 



Highland Kilts. — Ihxwe waited a "reasonable 

 time" to learn a little about kilts from your corre- 

 spondents ; but seeing that no one has yet entered 

 the arena, I forward an additional glove to cast 

 before any member of the Scottish societies luxuri- 

 atinii in London. It is from a work written by one 

 of themselves, hight Dr. Macculloch, who, in his 

 Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland (vol. i. 

 p. 176.), gives a whole chapter on northern attire, 

 which is well worth attention. To be sure, he is 

 rather merciless on some of Sandy's present likings, 

 showing them to be of no standing as to time ; and 

 he decfares that the kilt resembles the loricated 

 skirts of the Roman tunica, only just as much^ as 

 Macedon does Monmouth. I will not mention 

 liow he laughs at the grou[)3 of masquerading 

 Highlanders — nine times out of ten no High- 

 landers at all — who congregate under the notion 

 that they are sporting a Celtic dress; but will 

 proceed to lay an extract before you, which may 

 incite inquiry and reply : — - 



" A few enthusiasts have amused tliomsclves with 

 deriving the Highland kilt from one of the dresses of 

 the llomims, to which the resemblance is sufficiently 

 vague. These worthy antiquaries forget the anger 

 they feel at the bare notion that the Romans ever in- 

 terfered with the Highlanders." .... 



" Tiie Roman theory of the kilt is, indeed, demo- 

 lished at one blow, by the fact, that tins article of dress 

 in an independent form, or the philibeg (feala beg), is 

 of very modern introduction, and, what is still worse, 

 tliat it was the invjntion of an Knglishnian. It was 

 first introduced at Tyndrum about a century past, 

 (this u'ax jmblished in 1824), by Rawfuison, the super- 

 intendent or agent for the lead mines; who, finduig 

 his labourers encumbered with their belted plaids, 

 taught them to separate the two into the present 

 form. " 2. 



Derivation of Penny.— '^ot fron^ the Celtic Fen, 

 biit from the German Pfennig, pf being softened 

 into 2^1 -'s in pfau, peacock, and ig into i/, as in 

 hereig, hearty. B. H. K. 



Scarf (Vol. ii , p. 126.).— The custom of the 

 Church for many centuries, which is the authority 

 for the wearing of the scarf, or stole, sanctions tlie 

 use of it by all orders of the clergy now existing 

 in the Church of England, but with certain dis- 

 tinctions in the manner of wearing it. By deacons 

 it is worn, as in ancient times, over the left 

 shoulder only, hanging down before and behind ; 

 by priests, over both shoulders, hanging down iu 

 front only, and was formerly crossed on the breast 

 and passed through the girdle at the waist ; 

 bishops have always worn it over both shoulders, 

 and not crossed. It was Once considered in some 

 sort as a mark of authority, and as peculiarly ap- 

 propriate to preachers ; thus the sub-deacon wore 

 no stole, because he had no authority to preach 

 the Gospel in public. So in the Iloman Catholic 



Church at the present day, when a number of 

 clergymen are assembled together, except on a 

 i'ew extraordinary occasions, no person wears the 

 stole but the presiding or principal clergyman, 

 and the person who preaches or officiates. The 

 stole was originally a linen handkerchief used for 

 wiping the face, but being afterwards made of 

 embroidered silk and other rich materials, it was 

 retained as a decoration. Previous to the Re- 

 formation, the stole was one of the vestments used 

 in the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, and con- 

 sequently, in preaching also, but not at vespers or 

 the ordinary services. The authorities for these 

 statements are Paley's Gothic Architecture, the 

 Oxford Manual for Brasses, Popidar Tracts illus- 

 trating the Prayer-book, No. 2., and An Explana- 

 tion of the Construction, ^-c, of a Catholic Church. 



A RUN. 



■ Smoke-money (Vol. ii., p. 120.). — It tnay con- 

 tribute to answering B.'s Query, to know that 

 smoke-pennies are also yearly levied from most of 

 the inhabitants of the New Forest, and understood 

 by them to be an acknowledgment for their right 

 of cutting peat and turf for fuel, in the waste of 

 the forest. Lambda. 



Common, Mutual, Beciprocal. — 1. What is 

 equally related to A., B., (C, &c.), is common to 

 them. 



2. What A. and B. entertain, feel, do, Sec. to- 

 wards one another, is said to be mutual. 



3. What A. entertains, feels, does, &c. to B. 

 in return for the same entertained, felt, done, &c. 

 by B. towards him, is said to be reciproccd. Thus : 



1. A., B., (C, &c.), have a common friend X. 



2. A. and 13. entertain a mutual esteem for each 

 other. 



3. B. has a regard for A., and A. has a reci- 

 pi'ocul regard for B. 



In the passage quoted by Mr. Gattt (Vol. i., 

 p. 440.), I think, with deference to the eminent 

 historian whom he cites, that reciprocal should 

 have been written instead of niidual. B. ,H. K. 



Juice Cups. — Should no more satisfactory Re- 

 ply to the Query of N. B. (Vol. ii., p. 89.) present 

 itself, the following suggestions may be acceptable 

 to him. Without pretending to professional know- 

 ledge on the point, I conceive that the use of an 

 inverted cup in the centre of a fruit pie is two- 

 fold. It answers the purpose of supporting the 

 crust, which, being usually thin and light, has but 

 little strength in itself, probably less than that of 

 a meat pie, while, by the shrinking of the fruit in 

 baking it is left unsupported : and it further 

 serves, not indeed as some good ladies seem to 

 suppose, to increase the quantity of juice, but to 

 keep a portion of it in reserve ; so that the pie 

 may not become too dry when a few spoonfuls of 

 its more liquid contents have been taken out. 



