Sept. 14. 1850.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



249 



IS a beautifully wrought alabaster monument, 

 without inscription, but traditionally ascribed to 

 judge Newton, alias Cradock, and his wife Emma 

 de Wyke. There cau be no doubt, from the cos- 

 tume, that the effigy is that of a judge, and 

 under his robes is visible the Collar of Esses. The 

 monument is in what is called the AVyke aisle or 

 chapel. That it is Cradock's, is confirmed by a 

 garb or wheat-sheaf, on which his head is laid. 

 (The arms of Ci-adock are, Arg. on a chevron az. 

 3 garbs or.) Besides, in the very interesting ac- 

 counts of the churchwardens of the parish, annis 

 1450-1, among the receipts there is this entry : 



" It. : Recipim. de Dna ile Wyke p. man. T. New- 

 ton fiiii sui de legato Dni. Rici. Newton ad p. 



cainpana - - - - - - - n'. " 



Richard Cradock was the first of his family who 

 took the name of Newton, and I have been in- 

 formed that the last fine levied before him was, 

 Oct. Mart. 27 Hen. VI. (Nov. 1448), proving 

 that the canopied altar tomb in Bristol Cathedral, 

 assigned to him, and recording that he died 1444, 

 must be an error. It is stated, that the latter 

 monument was defaced during the civil wars, and 

 repaired in 1747, which is, jirobably, all that is 

 true of it. But this would carry me into another 

 subject, to which, perhaps, I may be allowed to 

 return some other day. However, we have got a 

 date for the use of the collar by the cAi'i?/' judges, 

 earlier than that assigned by Mr. Foss, and it is 

 somewhat confirmatory of what he tells us, that it 

 was not worn by any of the puisne order. 



H. T. Ellacombe. 

 Bitten, Aug. 1850. 



The Livery Collar of SS. — Though Abmiger 

 (Vol. ii., p. 194.) has not adduced any facts on 

 this subject that were previously unknown to me, 

 he has advanced some misstatements and advo- 

 cated some erroneous notions, which it may be 

 desirable at once to oppose and contradict; inas- 

 much as they are calculated to enveh)pe in fresh 

 obscurity certain particulars, which it was the ob- 

 ject of my former researches to set forth in their 

 true light. And first, I beg to say that with re- 

 spect to the " four inaccuracies " with which he 

 charges me, I do not plead guilty to any of them. 

 Ist. When B. asked the (iuesti(m, " Is there any 

 list of person.s who were honoured with that 

 badge?" it was evident that he meant, Is there 

 any list of the names of such persons, as of the 

 Knights of the (iarter or the Bath? and I correctly 

 aiicwered. No : for there still is no such list. The 

 description of the classi.-s of persons who might 

 use the collar in thi; 2 lien. IV. is not such a list 

 as B. ask(Ml for. 'idly. AVhci-e I said "That per- 

 sons were not hoiiouri'd with the badge, in the 

 sense that pcr.sons are now decorated with stars, 

 crosses, or medals," I am again unrefuted by the 

 statute of 2 Wnn. IV., and fully supjjorted by 



many historical facts. I repeat that the livery 

 coUar was not worn as a badge of honour, but as 

 a badge of feudal allegiance. It seems to have 

 been regarded as giving certain weight and au- 

 thority to the wearer, and, therefore, was only to 

 be worn in the king's presence, or in coming to 

 and from the king's hostel, except by the higher 

 ranks ; and this entirely confirms my view. Had 

 it been a mere personal decoration, like the collar 

 of an order of knighthood, there would have been 

 no reason for such prohibition ; but as it con- 

 veyed the impression that the wearer was espe- 

 cially one of the king's immediate military or 

 household servants, and invested with certain power 

 or influence on that ground, therefore its assump- 

 tion away from the neighbourhood of the court was 

 prohibited, except to individuals otherwise well 

 known from their personal rank and station. 3dly. 

 When Armiger declares I am wrong in sayim^ 

 " That the collar was assumed" I have every reason 

 to believe I am still right. I may admit that, if 

 it was literally a livery, it would be worn only by 

 those to whom the king gave it ; but my present 

 impression is, that it was termed the king's livery, 

 as being of the pattern which was originally distri- 

 buted by the king, or by the Duke of Lancaster 

 his father, to his immediate adherents, but which 

 was afterwards assumed by all who were anxious 

 to assert their loyalty, or distinginsh their parti- 

 zanship as true Lancastrians ; so that the statute 

 of 2 Hen. IV. was rendered necessary to restrain 

 its undue and extravagant assuinptioH, for sundry 

 good [)olitical reasons, some notion of which may 

 be gathered by perusing the poem on the deposi- 

 tion of Kichard II. published by the Camden So- 

 ciety. And, 4thly, Where Armiger disputes my 

 conclusion, that the assumers were, so far as can 

 be ascertained, those who were attached to the 

 royal household or service, it will be perceived, by 

 what I have already stated, that I still adhere to 

 that conclusion. I do not, therefore, admit that 

 the statute of 2 Henry IV. shows me to be incor- 

 rect in any one of those four particulars. Armi- 

 ger next proceeds to allude to Manlius Torquatus, 

 who won and wore the golden tore of a vanquished 

 Gaul : but this story only goes to prove that the 

 collar of the Iloman kn-qtuiti oi-iginated in a tot;dly 

 dilFcrent way from the Lancastrian collar of livery. 

 Armiger goes i>n to enumerate the several deriva- 

 tions of the Collar of Esses — from the initial letter 

 of Soverayne, from St. Siinplicius, from St. Crispin 

 and .S'^. Crispiniuu, the martyrs of Soissons, from 

 the Coiintfss of Salisbury, from the word Sonvenez, 

 and, lastly, from the oliice of Sciirsc/ialliis, or 

 Steward of England, held by John of Ghent, — 

 which is, as he says, " JMr. Nichols's notion," but 

 the whole of which he stigmatises alike "as mere 

 monkish or heraldic gossip;" and, finally, he jjro- 

 ceeds to unfold his own recondite discovery, "viz. 

 that it comes from the S-shaped lever upon the bit 



