Nov. 23. I80O.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



419 



same book, where in the secoiid speech of Achilles, 

 that impigcr, iracumhis, inexorabiUs, acer, chieftain 

 again scolds the " king of men," — 



" 'AAAo Se Toi ipfw, av 5' eVi (ppefrl fidWeo (r?j(7i." 

 " And another thing I tell thee." 



This rendering receives additional confirmation 

 by a comparison with the following : 



" TovTO Se Toi epeoi." 



It. iii. 177., and Od.\u. 243. 

 " ricura 5e roi epe'cij." 



Od. iv. 410., and x. 289. 

 In the last three lines "Aaao, Tovto, and ndura 

 stand precisely in the same relation to epe'co that 

 Ik does in the first, AA.V merely taking the place of 

 Se, for the sake of versification. 



" But one thing I tell theo. 

 And another thing I tell thee. 

 But this thing I tell tliee. 

 And all things I tell thee." 



It is not impossible that ileoiw may be a com- 

 pound of eV, " one," and epew, " I speak." There 

 is in the Hindostanee an analogous form of ex- 

 pression, Ek bat bolo, " one word speak." This is 

 constantly used to denote, speaking plainly ; to 

 speak decidedly ; one word only ; no display of 

 unnecessary verbiage to conceal thought; no 

 humbug ; I tell thee plainly ; I speak solemnly 

 — once for all ; which is precisely the meaning of 

 e^epeoi in all the passages where it occurs in Homer : 

 e.g. II. i. 212. (where it is employed by Minerva 

 in her solemn address to Achilles) ; //. viii. 286., 

 Od. ix. 365. (where it is very characteristically 

 used), &c. 



The word ace (ace of spades, &c.) I suppose you 

 will have no difficulty in identifying with the 

 Sanscrit eh and the Greek eif, the c sometimes 

 pronounced hard and sometimes soft. The San- 

 scrit das., the Greek Se^-a, and the Latin dec- em, 

 all signifying ten, on the same principle, have been 

 long identified. J. Sh. 



Bonabay. 



SAMUEL ROWLANDS, AND HIS CLAIM TO THE 

 AUTHOESIIIP OP "the CHOISE OF CHANGE." 



]Mn. T. Jones in " Notes and Queries" (Vol. i., 

 p. 3U.), describing a copy of The Chaise of Change 

 in the Chetham Library, unhesitatingly ascribes 

 its authorship to the well-known satirist, Samuel 

 Kowlands, whom he says, " apjiears to have been a 

 AVelsIunan from his love of Triads." Mr. .Jones's 

 dictum, that the letters " S. 11.," on the title-page, 

 " are the well-known initials of Samuel Kowlands," 

 may well, I think, be cpiestioned. Great caution 

 should be used in these matters. Bibliogi-aphers 

 and catalogue-makers are constantly making con- 

 fusion by assigning works, which bear the initials 

 only, to wrong authors. 



The Choise of Change may with much more 

 probability be given to a very different author. 

 I have a copy of the edition of 1598 now before 

 me, in which the name is filled up, in a cotempo- 

 rary hand, S[imonJ, R[obson]. And I find in 

 Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual, that the work 

 in question is entered under the latter name. The 

 compiler adds, — " This piece is by some attri- 

 buted to Dr. Simon Robson, Dean of Bristol in 

 1598; by others, most probably erroneously, to 

 Samuel Rowland." An examination of the bio- 

 graphy of Dr. Robson, who died in 1617, might 

 tend to elucidate some particulars concerning his 

 claim to the authorship of this and several other 

 works of a similar character. 



Samuel Rowland's earliest publication is sup- 

 posed to have been The Betraying of Christ, &c., 

 printed in 1598. If it can be proved that he has 

 any claim to The Choise of Change (first printed 

 in 1585), we make hiiu an author thirteen years 

 earlier. In the title-page of the latter, the writer, 

 whoever he was, is styleil " Gent and Student in 

 the Universitie of Can>bridge." This is a fact of 

 some importance towards the elucidation of author- 

 ship; and has, I believe, escaped the notice of 

 those writers who have touched upon Samuel 

 Rowland's scanty biography. But I can hardly 

 conceive that either of the publications above 

 alluded to came from the same pen as Hnmoui'S 

 Ordinarie, Martin Mark-all, The Four Knaves, 

 and many others of the same class, which are 

 known to have been the productions of Samuel 

 Rowlands. 



Respecting Samuel Rowlands it may be re- 

 garded as extraordinary that no account has been 

 discovered ; and though his pamphlets almost rival 

 in number those of Greene, Taylor, and Prynne, 

 their prefaces — -those fruitful sources of informa- 

 tion- — throw no light upon the life or circum- 

 stances of their author. The late Mr. Octavius 

 Gilchrist considered that "Rowlands was an eccle- 

 siastic [?] by profession;" and, inferring his zeal 

 in the pulpit from his labours through the press, 

 adds, " it should seem that he was an active ser- 

 vant of the church." (See Fry's Bibliographical 

 Memoranda, p. 257.) Sir Walter Scott (Prefiice 

 to his reprint of The Letting of Hwnours Blood in 

 the Head Vaine) gives us a very ditlerent idea of 

 the nature of his calling. His words are : 



" Excepting that he lived and wrote, none of those 

 indnsti'ious anliijuarius have pointed out any particulars 

 respecting Uowland[s]. It has been remarked that 

 liis nuwe is seldom found in the best company ; and to 

 have become so well acq\iainted with the bullies, 

 drunkards, gamesters, and cheats, whom lie describes, 

 he must have frequented the liaunts of dissipation in 

 wliicli sucli characters arc to be found. But the hu- 

 morous descriptions of low-life exhibited in his satires 

 are more precious to antiquaries tlian more grave 

 works, and those who make the manners of Shak- 



