116 NOTES AND QUERIES. “TNO. 8: 
synods and councils holden for reformation of the 
clergy, but I can find none wherein marriage is 
interdicted to clerks generally. I will refer to 
one more only, viz. that made in the Council of 
London, held at Westminster in 1175. Here it 
will be seen most distinctly that the prohibition 
against entering the marriage state was confined 
expressly to Clerici in sacris ordinibus constituti, 
and that it was not only lawful for clerks below 
the grade of subdeacon to marry, but that having 
once entered the marriage state, and being subse- 
quently desirous ad religionem transire, and to 
continue in the service of the Church, they. could 
not do so and be separated from their wives unless 
de communi consensu; if they continued, however, 
to live with their wives, they could not hold an 
ecclesiastical benefice: ‘* Si quis sacerdos vel cleri- 
cus in sacris ordinibus constitutus, ecclesiam vel 
ecclesiasticum beneficium habens publice forni- 
cariam habeat,” &c.... “Si qui vero infra sub- 
diaconatum constituti matrimonia contraxerint, ab 
uxoribus suis nisi de communi consensu ad reli- 
gionem transire voluerint, et ibi in Dei servitio 
vigilanter permanere, nullatenus separentur: sed 
cum uxoribus viventes, ecclesiastica beneficia nullo 
modo percipiant. Qui autem in subdiaconatu, vel 
supra, ad matrimonia convolaverint, mulieres etiam 
invitas et renitentes relinquant.” 
Thus it will be seen that the title ‘“ Clericus,” 
under some circumstances, affords no certain in- 
dication that a lawful marriage may not have been 
contracted by the person so described, and conse- 
quently that he might not have prolem legitimam. 
Nias A 
It does not follow that William de Bolton was 
an ecclesiastic because he was called Clericus; 
that designation being, even in that early time, 
often used in a lay sense. 
Ihave just come across an instance of a prior 
date. 
king directs a payment to be made “to Isabella, 
the wife of our beloved clerk, Robert of Canter- 
bury, to purchase a robe for our use.” Even in 
the reign of Richard I. it may be doubtful whether 
the term was not used with both meanings; for in 
the charter of Walter Mapes, granting certain 
lands, among the witnesses are “ Rogero, capel- 
lano, Willelmo, capellano, Thoma, clerico meo, 
Waltero, clerico, Jacobo, clerico, Bricio, fermario 
meo.” ® 
[In addition to the information afforded by the pre- 
ceding communications, ‘A Sugscrier” will find 
much curious illustration of this subject in Beveridge’s 
Discourse on the Thirty-nine Articles, where he treats of 
the Thirty-second article “On the Marriage of Priests.” 
He must, however, consult the edition printed at the 
Oxford University Press in 1840, which contains for 
the first time Beveridge’s Discourses on the last Nine 
Articles. | 
In the Liberate Roll of 26 Henry III. the | 
TOWER ROYAL. 
Sir, —In your second number I find a query 
by Mr. Cunningham, respecting the origin of the 
name of Zower Royal; although I cannot satisfac- 
torily explain it, 1 enclose a few notes relative to 
the early history of that place, which may, perhaps, 
afford a clue to its derivation. 
In early records it is invariably called “1a Real,” 
“la Reole,” “la Riole,” or “la Ryal or Ryole;” 
and it is described simply as a ‘‘ tenement ;” I have 
never found an instance of its being called a 
“tower.” At the close of the reign of Henry ITI. 
it was held by one Thomas Bat, citizen of London, 
who demised it to Master Simon of Beauvais, 
surgeon to Edward I.; this grant was confirmed 
by that sovereign by charter in 1277. (Rot. 
Cart. 5 Edw. I. m. 17. — Placita de Quo Warranto, 
p- 461.) This Simon of Beauvais figures in Stow 
and Pennant as Simon de Beawmes. In 1331 
Edward ILI. granted “la Real” to his consort 
Philippa, for the term of her life, that it might be 
used as a depository for her wardrobe. (Rot. Pat. 
4 Edw. IT. 2nd part, m. 15.) By Queen Philippa 
it was extensively repaired, if not rebuilt, and the 
particulars of the works executed there by her 
direction, may be seen in the Wardrobe Account 
of the sixth year of her reign, preserved in the 
Cottonian MS. Galba E iii. fo. 177, et seq.; this 
account is erroneously attributed in the catalogue 
to Eleanor, consort of Edward I. One Maria de 
Beauvais, probably a descendant of Master Simon, 
received compensation for quitting a tenement 
which she held at the time Philippa’s operations 
commenced. In 1365 Edward III. granted to 
Robert de Corby, in fee, “one tenement in the 
street of la Ryole, London,” to hold by the accus- 
tomed services. Finally in 1370 Edward gave 
the “inn (hospitium) with its appurtenances called 
le Reole, in the city of London,” to the canons of 
St. Stephen's, Westminster, as of the yearly value 
of 207. (Rot. Pat. 43 Edw. III. m. 24.) 
It is thus sufficiently clear that in the thirteenth 
and fourteenth centuries this place was not called 
Tower Royal; nor does there appear to be any 
ground for supposing that it was so named in 
earlier times, or, indeed, that it was ever occupied 
by royalty before it became Philippa’s wardrobe. 
The question, therefore, is narrowed to this point : 
— what is the signification of “la Real, Reole, or 
tiole?” should be glad if any of your corre- 
spondents would give their opinions on the subject. 
I may add, that the building was in the parish of 
St. Thomas Apostle, not in that of St. Michael 
Pater Noster Church, as Stow wrote. (Rot. Pat. 
4 Edw. III. 2nd part, m. 38.) fh eb 
Let me refer Mr. P. Cunningham to “ Stow’s 
Survey, p. 27. 92. Thoms’ Edition,” for a full an- 
swer to his query. The passages are too long to 
cite, but Mr. C. will there find sufficient proof of 
7 
