432 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
[No. 27° 
“Teh teile ir Jinte unde lant.” 
Td. 7714. 
And in the old translation of the Liber Dialogo- 
rum of St. Gregory, printed in the cloister of 
S. Ulrich at Augspurg in 1473 : — 
“In der Statt waren hoch Tiiren und schéne Heuser 
von Silber und Gold, und aller Hand Jeiit, und die Frawen 
und Maj naygten im alle.” 
Lastly, Jo. Morsheim in his Untreuer Frawen :— 
“Das was méin Herr gar gerne hort, 
Und ob es Leut und Land bethort.” 
Now, when we recollect the state of the people 
in those times, the serf-like vassalage, the Hérig- 
keit or Leibeigenthum, which prevailed, we cannot 
be surprised that a word which signified posses- 
sions should designate also the people. “It must 
still, however, be quite uncertain which is the 
secondary sense. 
The root of the word, as Grimm justly remarks, 
is very obscure; and yet it seems to me that he 
himself has indirectly pointed it out :— 
“ Goth. liudan* (erescere); O. H. G. liotan 
(sometimes unorganic, hliotan) ; O. H. G. liut (po- 
pulus); A.-S 1é65; O.N. 1165: Goth. lauths -is 
(homo), juzzalauths -dis (adolescens); O. H. G. 
sumar -lota (virgulta palmitis, i. e. qui una estate 
creverunt, Gl. Rhb. 926». Jun. 242.); M. H. G. cor- 
rupted into Sumer -late (M.S. i. 124% 2. 1618. 
virga herba). It.is doubtful whether ludja (facies), 
O. H.G. andlutti, is to be reckoned among them,”— 
Deutsche Gram. ii. 21. For this last see Diefenbach, 
Vergl. Gram. der Goth. Spr. i. 242. 
In his Erlauterungen zu Elene, p..166., Grimm 
further remarks : — 
« The verb is leoban, lead, lubon (crescere), O. S. 
hedan, 166, lubun. Leludon ( Cedm. 93. 28.) is 
creverunt, pullulant; and zeloden (ap. Hickes, p. 135, 
note) onustus, but rather cretus. Elene, 1227, 
zeloben undep leAfum (cretus sub foliis).” 
It has been surmised that LEDE was connected 
with the 0. N. ‘hlyt{—which not only signified 
* The author of Tripzrtita seu de Analogia Lingua- 
vum, under the words “ Leute” and “ Barn,” says : — 
“ Respice Ebr. Id. Ebr. Jedah, partus, proles est. 
Ebr. lad, led, gigno.” A remarkable coincidence at 
least with Grimm’s derivation of 1é6d from the Goth. 
liudan, crescere. 
¢ Thus, Anthon, Teutschen Landwirthschaft, Th. i. 
p. 61.:—“ Das Land eines jeden Dorfes, einer jeden 
Gemarkung war wirklich getheilt und, wie es sehr 
wahrscheinlich, alsdan verlost worden. Daher nannte 
man dasjenige, was zu einem Grunstiike an KAkern, 
Wiesen gehorte, ein Los (Sors). Das Burgundische 
sors, portio, but res consistentia—and the A.-S. 
hlez, hlyc, lot, portion, inheritance: thus, in the 
A.-S. Psal. xxx. 18.,0n handum 6inum hlyc min, 
my heritage is in thy hands. Notker’s version is: 
Min l6z ist in dinen handen. I have since 
found that Kindlinger (Geschichte der Deutchen 
Horigheit) has made an attempt to derive it from 
Lied, Lit, which in Dutch, Flemish, and Low 
German, still signify a limb; I think, unsuccess- 
fully. 
Ray, in his Gloss. Northanymbr., has “ unlead, 
nomen opprobrii ;” but he gives a false derivation : 
Grose, in his Provincial Glossary, ‘ unleed or 
unlead, a general name for any crawling venomous 
creature, as a toad, &e. It is sometimes ascribed 
to a man, and then it denotes a sly wicked fellow, 
that in a manner creeps to do mischief. See Mr. 
Nicholson’s Catalogue.” 
In the 2d edition of Mr. Brockett’s Glossary, 
we have: “ Unletes, displacers or destroyers of 
the farmer’s produce.” 
This provincial preservation of a word of such 
rare occurrence in Anglo-Saxon, and of which no 
example has yet been found in old English, is a 
remarkable circumstance. ‘The word has evidently 
signified, like the Gothic, in the first place poor ; 
then wretched, miserable; and hence, perhaps, its 
opprobrious sense of mischievous or wicked. 
“In those rude times »when wealth or movable 
property consisted almost entirely of living money, in 
which debts were contracted and paid, and for which 
land was given in mortgage or-sold; it is quite certain 
that the serfs were transferred with the land, the lord 
considering them as so much live-stoek, or part of his 
chattels.” 
A vestige of this feeling with regard to depen- 
dants remains in the use of the word Man (which 
formerly had the same sense as lede). We still 
speak of “a general and his men,” and use the 
expression “ our men.” But, happily for the masses 
of mankind, few vestiges of serfdom and slavery, 
and those in a mitigated form, now virtually exist. 
S. W.. SINGER. 
April 16. 1850. 
Gesetz redet ausfdricklich ‘vom Lande das man in 
Lose erhalten hat (Terra sortis titulo acquisita, 
Tit. i. §1.)” Schmeller, in his Bayrisches Wort. 
B. y. Lud-aigen, also points to the connection of 
Lud with hluz-hlut, sors, portio; but he rather in- 
clines to derive it from the Low-Latin, artonium. It 
appears to me that the converse of this is most likely 
to have been the case, and that this very word LEDS 
or LA°DS is likely to furnish a more satisfactory 
etymology of atropium than has hitherto been offered. 
