460 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
[No. 28. 
Lerig.—Tam obliged by the suggestions of your 
correspondents “B. W.” and “C. I. R.” (No. 24, 
p. 387.), to which I beg leave to offer the follow- 
ing reply. The Dutch and Flemish (or Nether- 
landish, as they may be considered one language 
until the fifteenth century) Ze’er and Le’ar are 
simply contractions of Leder, as Tenkate observes, 
euphonis gratia, by the omission of the d, which 
takes place in other similar words ; and what is 
remarkable in Zedig, empty, which becomes Le’eg. 
Le’erig is of course leathery, or tough; but Le- 
deren, or Le’ersen, would be used for made of lea- 
ther, and in A.-S., most probably, hyd1z. We have 
no such contraction in A.-S.: it is always Ledep 
and Ledepn. The epithet, leathery-shields, could 
hardly have been used where they are said to 
‘resound; and the instance of vaulted shields in 
Judith is, I think, conclusive. The root of Leder 
is probably hlid-an, to cover n1DE? That of Leer 
possibly lieren, amittere, privari ? 
I should have noted the instances of the word 
from Junius and Schilter, which were not un- 
known to me, but for brevity’s sake ; and indeed I 
had not Urry’s Chaucer at hand to verify the re- 
ference of Junius to the Tale of Beryn, the only 
valuable portion of Urry’s book. I knew that a 
simple reference to the O. H. G. Lari would be 
suflicient for Dr. Grimm. 
Thorkelin, in his very incorrect edition of Beo- 
wulf, has followed Lye, in rendering Lind heb- 
bende, Vexilla habens; and Haldorsen’s explana- 
tion of Zind might have taught him better. Mr. 
Kemble has rendered it shield-bearers, and gives 
instances in his Glossary of similar combinations, 
as rond-hebbendra, bord-hebbende, scaro-hebben- 
dra. S. W. Sincer. 
April 15, 1850. 
Zenobia a Jewess ? (No. 24. p. 383.) — 
“To conclude what I have to say of this princess, I 
shall add here, after M. de Tillemont, that St. Atha- 
nasius took her to be a Jewess, meaning, without doubt, 
in respect of her religion; and that, according to ‘Theo- 
doret, it was to please her that Paul of Samosata, whom 
she patronised, professed opinions very like those of 
the Jews concerning the person of Jesus Christ, saying 
that he was only a mere man, who had nothing in his 
nature superior to other men, nor was distinguished 
from them any otherwise than by a more abundant 
participation of the divine grace.” — Crevier, Hist. of 
Rom. Emperors, Book 27. “ Aurelian,” vol. ix. p. 174. 
M. Crevier refers to “ Tillem. Aur. art. 5.” 
C. Forses. 
Temple, April 16. 
Temple Stanyan.—The following notices, relat- 
ing to one Temple Stanyan, may interest your 
correspondent “ A. G.” (No. 24 p. 382.). 
“1725, March 23. Died Mrs. Stanyan, wife of 
Temple Stanyan, Esq., one of the Chief Clerks 
in the office of Secretary of State.” — Historical 
Register. 
“1726. April 28. Temple Stanyan, Esq., one of the 
Clerks of His Majestys most Hon. Privy 
Council, married to Mrs, Pauncefort.” — Ibid. 
There is a monument in one of the churches at 
Southampton, — 
“ To the Memory of Catharine, Relict of Admiral Sir 
Charles Hardy, and only daughter of Temple 
Staynian, Esq., of Rawlins in co. Oxon, She died 
Feb. 19. 1801, aged 75 years. This monument was 
erected by her only surviving son, Temple Hardy, 
Captain in His Majesty’s Navy.” 
Edward Pauncefort, Esq., was one of the execu- 
tors of Sir Charles Hardy’s will, proved in Doc- 
tors’ Commons, 10th June, 1780. W. H. 
Temple Stanyan wrote a History of Greece, 
1751, which was common when I was at school, 
and another book, as Watts says. If the question 
is biographical, I can say nothing. C. B. 
Temple Stanyan (No. 24. p. 382.).—He also 
published an Account of Switzerland, 8vo. London, 
1714. M 
“Who was Temple Stanyan?” (No. 24. p. 382.) 
Temple Stanyan was the son of Abraham Stan- 
yan, Esq., a Member of the Kit Kat Club, M. P. 
for Buckingham, Ambassador to the Porte, a Lord 
of the Admiralty, &c. Mr. Temple Stanyan was 
himself also Minister at Constantinople, and at 
several other courts; and afterwards Under-Secre- 
tary of State under both Addison and the Duke 
of Newcastle. He published in 1714 an Account 
of Switzerland; and his Grecian History in 2 vols. 
was, till the publication of Mitford’s, the best in 
our language. I believe that his daughter mar- 
ried Adm. Sir Charles Hardy. He died in 1752. 
Auctorite de Dibil (No. 25. p. 205.).— Probably 
an error of transcription: read Auctorite de Bibil. 
J. M. B. 
The Bristol Rivts (No. 22. p. 352.).—“J. B. M.” 
is informed, that the volume to which he alludes 
is generally considered by Bristolians as the most 
authentic and fullest narrative that was published 
of those disgraceful scenes. J. M. G, 
Worcester. 
Religious Tract by F. H. (No. 25. p. 400.) 
— The atitthor of the religious tract which has 
fallen into the hands of “J. C.” is no doubt 
one of the early Quakers, and probably Francis 
Howgill. Howgill was originally a clergyman of 
the Church of England, but afterwards became a 
Baptist, and in the year 1652 joined the early 
Quakers, upon hearing the preaching of George 
Fox. His works were published in folio, in 1676, 
by Ellis Hookes. e. 
