242 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[No. 74. 



was called the Teanlay night ; at the close of that day, 

 till within late years, the liills which encircle the Fylde 

 shone brightly with many a bonfire, the inosscs rival- 

 ling them with their fires kindled for the object of 

 Euccouring their friends in purgatory. A field near 

 I'oulton, in which this ceremony of tlie Tennlays was 

 celebr;',ted (a circle of men standing with bundles of 

 straw raised high on pitchforks), is named Purgatory; 

 and will hand down to posterity the farce of lighting 

 souls to endless happiness fioui the confines of their 

 prison-house : the custom was not confined to one 

 village or town, but was generally practised by the 

 Romanists." 



It is certain that places may be found here and 



there in the county still going by the name of 



Purgatory. Can any of your correspondents 



throw further light cSn the matter, or tell us if the 



• custom extended to other counties? P. P. 



Epitaph in Hall's " Discooery." — The following 

 epitaph occurs in Bishop IlalVs Dlscovei-y of a 

 New World, hi/ an English Mercui-y, an extremely 

 rare little volume, unknown to Ames or Herbert ; 

 and is, I should imagine, a satire on some states- 

 man of the time. Query, on whom? 



" Passenycr. 

 " Stay, veade, walkc. Here licfh Andrew Turnc- 

 coate, who was neither Slave, nor Soldier, nof I'hisi- 

 tian, nor Fencer, nor Cobler, nor Filtcher, nor La»ier, 

 nor Usurer, but all ; who lived neither in cltty, nor 

 countrie, nor at homi', nor abroade, nor at sea, nor at 

 land, nor here, nor elsewhere, but everywhere. Who 

 died neither of hunger, nor poyson, nor hatchet, nor 

 halter, nor dogge, nor disease, but altogether. I.,I. H., 

 being neither his debtour, nor heire, nor kinsman, nor 

 friend, nor neighbour, but ail ; in his memory have 

 erected this, neither monument, nor tombe, nor se- 

 pulcher, but all ; wishing neither evill nor well, neither 

 to thee, nor mee, nor him, but all unto all." — P. 140. 



C. J. Francis. 



Canon and Prehendary. — "What is tlie differ- 

 ence between a canon and a, pii'ehend ov prehendary 

 in a cathedral, or a collegiate church establish- 

 ment ? "\V. J. 



[The distinction seems to be this, that a prebendary 

 is one who possesses a prebend, which formerly a 

 canon inight or might not hold. Subsequently, when 

 canons received prebends for their support, the two 

 classes became confounded ; the one, however, is a 

 name of office (^canon), the other of emolument {pre- 

 hendary^. 



" Une partie du clerge etait toujours aupres de 

 I'eveque, pour assister aux prieres et a toutes les 

 fonctions pnbliques. L'eveque consultait les pretres sur 

 toutes les afiaires de I'eglise : et pour I'execution il se 

 servait des diacres et des ministres inferieurs. Le reste 

 du clerg6 etait distribue dans les titres de la ville et de 

 la campague, et ne se rassemblail qu'en certaines oc- 

 casions, d'oii sont venus les synodes. De cette premiere 



partie de clerge sunt venus les chanoines des cathedrales. 

 II est vrai que du commencement on nommait clercs 

 canoniques, tons ceux qui vivaient selon les canons, 

 sous la conduite de leur eveqiie ; et qui etaient sur le 

 canon on la matricule de I'eglise, pour etre entretenus 

 a ses depens, soit qu'ils servissent dans I'eglise malrice, 

 ou dans les autres titres. Depuis, le nom de canonique 

 ou chanoines fut particulierement applique aux clercs, 

 qiii vivaient en coinrnun avec leur evec|ue." — Institulicm 

 du Droit Ecdesiastique, par M. I'Abbe Fleury, liere 

 parlie, chap. xvii. 



So much for the origin of canons. As to pre- 

 bendaries : 



" Pra4)enda, est jus percipiendi redllus ecclesiasticos, 

 ratione divini officii, cui quis insistit. Alia est eano- 

 nicatui annexa, alia sine ea confertur. Gl. in c. cum 

 M. Fcrrariensis, 9. in verba receperutit de cnnstH. 



"Prcrbendam, henejiciiim et titiilutn nihil reipsa interest : 

 usu tamen loquendi in alia ecclesia vocatur Pra;benda, 

 in alia beneficiam, seu titulus. Secund. Pac. laag. 

 Decrct. hoc til." — Lib 2. tu. xxviii. of the Aphorisms of 

 Cation Law,\>y Arn. Corvinus. Paris, 1671. 



In the Quare Jmpedit of Mallory, the distinction is 

 thus expressed: — 



" There is a difference taken between a prehendary 

 and a canon, for a prebendary is a pra^hendo and Homen 

 facti in respect of the maintenance given to him: but 

 Canonicus est nomen juris ; and in our usual translations 

 a secular is translated to a regular, but not e converso, 

 a regular to a secular. Palm 30]." — p. 3i. sub titulo 

 Advowson.] 



What Amount of Property constitutes an Esquire? 

 — The ])ractice of sulyoining "Esquire" to the 

 names of persons has become so universal, that the 

 real signilicance of the title is quite lost sight of. 

 Will some one of your correspondents inform me 

 what amount of property really constitutes an 

 Esquire ? W. L. 



[No fixed amount of property is a qualification for 

 the title or rank of Esquire. I'or the description of 

 persons so entitled to be designated, see Blackstone's 

 Commentaries, vol. i. ; and the later the edition, the 

 greater advantage W. L. will have in the notes and 

 remarks of the latest law writers.] 



Croimcell Family. — Will some of your corre- 

 spondents be so good as to inform me, to whom the 

 children (sons and daughters) of Oliver Cromwell's 

 daughter Bridget were married, those by her first 

 marriage with Ireton as well as those by her second 

 marriage with Fleetwood. I can learn but the 

 marria2:e of one : Ireton's daughter Bridget mar- 

 ried a Mr. Bendyshe. M. A. C. 



[Cromwell's daughter Bridget, who was relict of 

 Henry Ireton, married Charles Fleetwood of Arming- 

 land Hall, Norfolk, and Stoke Newington, Middlesex: 

 she died, lo'SI, without any issue by Fleetwood. See 

 Fleetwood's pedigree in No. IX. of the Bihl. Topog. 

 Britaiinica, pp. 28, 29. By her first husband, Henry 

 Ireton, to whom she was married in 1616, she had one 

 I son and four daughters, of whom a full account will be 



