May 24. 1851.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



413 



with Gather, Author of " The Papist Misrepre- 

 sented" SfC. 



The earliest notices of the division of the Deca- 

 logue, are those of Josephus, lib. iii. c. 5. s. 5. ; 

 Philo-.Tudffius rfe Decern Oracidis ; ami the Chalilaic 

 Paraphrase of Jonathan. According to these, the 

 third verse of Exod. xx. contains the first coni- 

 mandnient ; the fourth, fifth, and sixth, the second. 

 The same distinction was adopted by the following 

 earlj writers: — Origen (^Homil. viii. in Exod.), 

 Greg. Nazienzen {Ca?-mi7ia Mosis Decalogus), 

 Irenaeus (lib. iii. c. 42.), Athanasius (in Synopsi 

 S. Scripturm), Ambrose {in Ep. ad Ephes. c. vi.). 



It was first abandoned by August'ne, who was 

 instigated to introduce this innovation by the un- 

 warranted representation of the doctrine of the 

 Trinity by the First Table containing three com- 

 mandments. The schoolmen followed his example, 

 and accommodated the words of God to the legis- 

 lative requirements of their new divinity, progres- 

 sive development, which terminated in the Church 

 of Rome, in compelling them to command what He 

 strictly prohibits. (See Ussher's Answer.) 



" Hath God himself any wliere declared this to be 

 only an explication of the first commandment? Have 

 the prophets or Christ and His apostles ever done it? 

 How then can any man's conscience he safe in this 

 matter? For it is not a triHing controversy whether 

 it be a distinct commandment or an expliciitioii of the 

 first; hut tlie lawfulness or unlawfulness of the ivor- 

 ship of images depL'uds very mu h upon it, for if it be 

 only an explication of the first, then, unless one takes 

 images to be gods, their worship is lawful, and so the 

 heathens were excused in it, who were not such idiots; 

 but if it be a new and distinct precept, then th^ wor- 

 shipping any image or similitude becomes a giievous 

 sin, and expo es men to the wrath of God in tiiat 

 severe manner mentioned in the end of it. And it is a 

 great confirmation that this is the true meaning of it, 

 because all the primitive writers* of the Christian 

 Church not only tliought it a sin ag.iinst this com- 

 mandment, but insisted upon the force of it against 

 those heathens who denied that tli^y took their images 

 for gods; and, therefore, this is a very insufficient 

 account of leaving out the second commandment (that 

 the people are in no danger of superstitii>n or idolatry 

 by it.)." — Stillingfleet's Doctrines o/t/ie Church of Rome, 

 25. Of the Second Commumlinent. 



" If God allow the worship of the represented by 

 the representation, he would never hive forbidden that 

 worship absolutely, which is unlawful oidy in a certain 

 respect." — Ibid. Annwer to llit Conctusion. 



Witii your purinission I shall return to this sub- 



• Thus St. .Augustine himself: " In the first com- 

 mandment, any similitude of God in the figments of 

 men is forbidden to be worshipped, nit because (jod 

 h.ith not an image, but because no image of Ilim ought 

 to be worshipped, but tliat which is the same thing 

 that lie is, nor yet that for Ilini but with Hi n." — See 

 what is further cited from Augustine by Usshcr in his 

 Aniiwer, 



ject, not of Images, but of the Second Command- 

 ment, in reply to Mr. Gattt's Queries on the 

 division at present adopted by the Jews, &c. 



T. Jones. 

 Chetham's Library, Manchester. 



Mounds, Munts, Mount (Vol. iii., p. 187.). — 

 If 11. W. B. will refer to Mr. Lower's paper on 

 the " Iron Works of the County of Sussex," in the 

 second volume of the Sussex ArchcBological Col- 

 lections, he will find that iron works were carried 

 on in the parish of Maresfield in 1724, and probably 

 much later. It is therefore probable tiiat the 

 lands which he mentions have derived their names 

 from the pit-mounts round the mouths of the pits 

 through which the iron ore was raised to the sur- 

 face. In Staffordshire and Shropshire the term 

 munt is used to denote fire-clay of an inferior 

 kind, which makes a large part of every coal-pit 

 mount in those counties. If the same kind of fire- 

 clay was found in the iron mines of Sussex, it is 

 not necessary to suggest the derivation of the 

 word mnut. 



I take this opportunity of suggesting to Mb. 

 Albeet Way that the utensil figured in page 179. 

 of the above-mentioned' work is not an ancient 

 mustard-mill, but the u[)per part of an iron mould 

 in which cannon-shot were cast. The iron tongs, 

 of which a drawing is given in page 179., were 

 probably used for the purpose of drawing along a 

 floor recently cast shot while they were too hot to 

 be handled. V. X. Y. 



San Graal (V(d. iii , pp. 224. 281.). — Roque- 

 fort's aiticle of nine columns in his Gins, de la L. 

 Rom., is decisive of the .vord being derived from 

 Sancta Cruteni ; of Graal, Great, always having 

 meant a vessel or dish ; and of all the old ro- 

 mancers having understood the expression in the 

 same meaning, namely, Sancta Cratei-a, le Saint 

 Graal, the Holy Cap or Vessel, because, according 

 to the legend, Christ used it at tiie Paschal Sup])er ; 

 and Joseph of Ariniathea afterwards employed it 

 to catch the blood flowing from his wounds. 

 Many cities formerly claimed the honour of pos- 

 sessing this fabuh)us relic. Of course, as Price 

 shows, it was an old Oriental magic-dish legend, 

 imitated in the West. George Stephens. 



Stockholm. 



Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke (Vol. iii., 

 pp. 262. 307.). — It has been asserted that the 

 second part of this epitaph was written by L.ady 

 Pembroke's son ; among whose poems, which were 

 pnblisiied in KiGO, the whole piece was included. 

 (Park's Walpole, ii. 203. note; Gitford's Ben 

 Jonson, viii. 337.) But it is notorious, that no 

 confidence whatever can be placed in that volume 

 (see this shown in di'lail in Mr. Ilannaii's edit, of 

 Poems by Wol ton and Ualcigh, jtp. (il. 63.) ; nor 

 have we iiny right to distribute the two parts be- 

 tween different authors. There are at least four 



