June 14. 1851.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



483 



lieads to keep off the Hrat of the Sun ; or such as are 

 here commonly us'd by women to shelter them from 

 Rain : Also, a wooden Frame cover'd with cloth or 

 stutr, to keep off the sun from a window." 



" Parasol (Fr.), a small sort of canopy or umbrello, 

 which women carry over their Heads, to shelter them- 

 selves from Rain," &c. 



T. C. T. 



The Curse of Scotland (Vol. iii., p. 22.).— Your 

 correspondent L. says, the true explanation of 

 the circumstance of the nine of diamonds being 

 called the curse of Scotland is to be found in the 

 pame of Pope Joan ; but with all due deference to 

 him, I must beg entirely to dissent from this 

 opinion, and to adhere to the notion of its origin 

 being traceable to the heraldic bearing of the 

 family of Dalrymple, which are or, on a saltire 

 azure, nine lozenges of the field. 



There can be no doubt that John Dalrymple, 

 2nd Viscount and 1st Earl of Stair, justly merited 

 the appellation of the " Curse of Scotland," from 

 the part which he took in the horrible massacre of 

 Glencoe, and from the utter detestation in which 

 he was held in consequence, and which compelled 

 him to resign the secretaryship in 1695. After a 

 deliberate inquiry by the commissioners had de- 

 clared him to be guilty of the massacre, we cannot 

 wonder that the man should be held up to scorn 

 by the most popular means which presented 

 themselves ; and the nine diamonds in his shield 

 would very naturally, being the insignia of his 

 family, be the best and most easily understood 

 mode of perpetuating that detestation in the minds 

 of the peojDle. L. J. 



Bawn (Vol. i., p. 440. ; Vol. ii., pp. 27. 60. 94.). 

 — Your correspondents will find some information 

 on this word in Ledwich's Antiquities of Ireland-, 

 2nd edit. p. 279. ; and in AVakeman's Handbooh of 

 Irish Antiquities, p. 141. Ledwich seems to de- 

 rive the woi'd from the Teutonic Bawen, to con- 

 struct and secure with branches of trees. E,. H. 



Catacombs and Bone-houses (Vol. i., p. 171.). — 

 Mr. Gatty- will find a vivid description of the 

 bone-house at Hythe, in Mr. Borrow's Lavengro, 

 Tol. i. I have no reference to the exact page. 



C. P. Ph***. 



Bacon and Fagan (Vol. iii., p. 106.). — The 

 letters B and F are doubtless convertible, as they 

 arc both labial letters, and can be changed, as I 

 and p are so frequently. 



1. The word " batten" is used by Milton in the 

 same sense as the word "fatten." 



2. The Latjia word " llo " is in English " to 

 blow." 



3. The word " flush " means much the same aa 

 " blush." 



4. The Greek word fipiiue is in the Latin changed 

 to " fremo." 



5. The Greek word ^opa = in English " fo- 

 rage." 



G. Herod, vii. 73. Bihrn-jros for ^iKnriros ; Bpiyeg- 

 for ipvyeg. 



7. <^a\aiva in Greek = " balsena " in Latin = 

 " balene " in French. 



8. ^epui in Greek = " to bear " in English. 



9. "Frater" in Latin = "brother" in English. 

 Many other instances could probably be found. 

 I think that we may fairly imply that the labials 



p, b, f V, may be interchanged, in the same way 

 as the dental letters d and t are constantly ; and I 

 see no reason left to doubt that the word B^con is 

 the same as the word Fagan. ^ix6\oyos. 



To learn by Heaj-t (Vol. iii., p. 425.). — When 

 A Subscriber to tour Journal asks for som<? 

 account of the origin of the phi'ase " To leai"n by 

 Heart," may he not find it in St. Luke i. G6 , ii. 19. 

 51.? 



" To learn by memory''^ (or by " role") conveys 

 to my own mind a very difi'erent notion from what 

 I conceive to be expressed by the words " To learn 

 by heart." Just as there is an evident difieronce 

 between a gendeman in heart and feeling, and a 

 gehtleman in manners and education oidy : so there 

 is a like difference (as I conceive) between learn^ 

 ing by heart and learning by rote ; namely, the 

 difference between a moral, and a merely mtellec^ 

 tual, operation of the mind. To leai'u by memory 

 is to learn by rote, as a parrot : to learn by heart 

 is to learn morally — practically. Thus, we say, 

 we give our hearts to our pursuits : we " love 

 God with all our hearts," pray to Him "with the 

 spirit, and with the understanding," and " with 

 the heart believe xmto righteousness : " we " ponr 

 der in our hearts," " muse in our hearts," and 

 " keep things in our hearts," i. e. '•'■learn by heart." 



J. E. 



Auriga (Vol. iii., p. 188.). — Claudius Minois, in 

 his Commentaries on the Emblemata of Alciatus, 

 gives the following etymology of " Auriga :" — 



" Auriga non dieitur nb auro, sed ab aureis: sunt 

 enim aurcee lora sive fra;ni, qui equis ad aures alli- 

 gantur; sicut orea:, quibus ora coercentur." — -Alciati 

 Emblemata, £mb. iv. p. 26-2. 



W.R. 



riospitio Chelhaojpnsi. 



Vineyards in England (Vol. ii., p. 392. ; Vol. iii., 

 p. 341.). — Add to the others Wynyard, so far 

 north as Durham. C. 



Barker (Vol. iii., p. 406.). — Mr. Barker lived 

 in West Square, St. George's Fields, a scputre 

 directly opposite the Philanthropic Society's 

 chapel. G. 



Barker, the original Panorama Painter. — Ma. 

 Cunningham is quite correct in stating Kobert 

 Barker to he the originator of the Panorama. His 



