Aug. 30. 1851.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



161 



it would have been equally strong in the case of 

 any other female. However this may be, I believe 

 that full credit may be given to what Swift has 

 stated respecting the perfect purity of his inter- 

 course with Stella. 



" I knew her from six years old, and had some share 

 in her education, by diiecthig what books she should 

 read, and perpetually instructing her in the principles 

 of honour and virtue ; from which she never swerved 

 in any one action or moment of her life." — Swift's 

 (Forks, vol ix. p. 489. {citante Mason). 



E. H.D.D. 



Charles Lamb's Epitaph (Vol. iii.; pp. -322. 459.). 

 — It has been suggested to me by a lady who was 

 an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr. Justice 

 Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The ob- 

 servation, however, was made without, I believe, 

 any certain knowledge on the subject. Cowgill. 



Meanittg of Carnahy (Vol. iii., p. 495.). — Arcn 

 inquires as to the meaning of Carnaby as the name 

 of a street. Carnaby is a surname probably de- 

 riving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. 

 It has become a Christian name in the family of 



Haggerston, Bart., since the marriage of an 



heiress of Carnaby's into that family. 



Streets are often called after proper names. f 



Scandinavian Mythology (Vol. ii., p. 141.). — 

 Your correspondent T. J. has called attention to 

 the tradition-fiilsifying assertion of Mr. G. Pigott, 

 that the custom with which the Scandinavians were 

 long reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of 

 their enemies, has no other foundation than a 

 blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage 

 in the death- song of Regner Lodbrog. 



riie following extracts from the curious and 

 learned work of Bartholinus, De Causis ContemptcB 

 a Danis Adhuc Gentilibiis Mortis, will, I think, 

 show that the subject deserves further inquiry 

 before we consent to place this ancient historical 

 tradition in the category of vulgar errors. Speak- 

 ing of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Val- 

 halla, Bartholinus says : 



" Neque tamen ex communi animal ium cornu ela- 

 borata pocula in Valhalla viserentiir ; sacratiora de- 

 siderabantur ex cEBSorum craniis inimicoruni confccta, 

 qua; apud Danos vel ex Dania oriundos, alias quoque 

 gentes, in summo erant pretio." — Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 555. 



In proof of this assertion he quotes the fol- 

 lowing authors ; Herodotus (lib. iv. cap. 65.) and 

 Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to 

 the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to 

 it, Dc llepuh. lib. vii. cap. 2. In the liistoria 

 Misc(dlunau, lib. vi., it is mentioned as a custom of 

 the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of 

 the Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Es- 

 sedones by Solinus and Mela, of the Boii by Livy 

 (lib. iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus 

 (lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus 



(lib. i. cap. 27.). The last-mentioned author in- 

 forms us that these skull cups were called " scalaa ;" 

 upon which Bartiiolinus remarks — 



" Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficien- 

 darum 'paterarum unde etiam nomen scalce iis inditum, 

 ex septcntrione nempe traxerunt Langobardi mani- 

 festum faciente Vaulundar qvidu. 

 Enn peer skalar 

 &c. &c. 

 h. e. 

 Crania autem ilia 

 Quas pericraniis suberant 

 Argento obduxit et 

 Nidado tradidit." 



W. B. R. 



Scandal against Queen Elizabeth (Vol. iii., 

 pp. 225. 285. 393.). — I do not recollect that 

 either of your correspondents on this subject has 

 brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Eliza- 

 beth's fair fame in precisely the same form in 

 which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the follow- 

 ing passage : — 



" Hac Ecclesia; contra ipsam sententiA, et Catholi- 

 corum novis incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter 

 offensa Elizabetha, convocatis ordinibus, leges valde 

 iracundas et cruentas contra veteris fidei cultores pro- 

 mulgat : quibus prinium cavetur, ne quis Elizabetham 

 hfsreticam, schismaticam, infidelem, iiS7trpatriceiitve, sub 

 poena, capitis vocet. Item. A'e quis aliam quamcunque 

 certam personam norninet, cui regnum vel in vita, vel post 

 mortem ipsius, deberi dicatur, exceptd Elizabetha: naturali 

 prole. Ea enim sunt ipsa decreti verba. In earn enim 

 homines vel adulationem vel iiecessitatem ita perduxit 

 hajresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum regnum illegitim^ 

 illius regis sui proli iegre unquam concessit, nunc 

 naturali, id est, spuria:, soboli regiiia; in cujus sexu 

 fornicationis peccatum est foedius, non denegarint : 

 pariter et reipublica?, ex proximi successoris ignora ■ 

 tione, extremum poriculuni, et Elizabeth;E incontinen- 

 tiani prodentes." — Nicolai Sanderi Hist. Schism. Atigl. 

 lib. iii. § Nova; leges lata; in Catholicos, ann. 1571, 

 ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. -299. 



To some of your readers this passage may seem 

 to indicate that the use of the equivocal word 

 naturali may have given colour, not to say occasion, 

 to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By 

 many, I apprehend, it will be acknowledged that 

 spuria is not the only, if an allowable, interpre- 

 tation. J. Sansom. 



Oxford, July 22. 1851. 



Meaning of '' Deal" (Vol. iv., p. 88.).— I think 

 the following may help to throw a little light upon 

 the use of the word deal as meaning divide. I was 

 in Weiisleydale about a month ago ; and on in- 

 (juiring where the boundary between the North and 

 West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was told, " On 

 the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (z. e. 

 the rain divides). I may further add, on my own 

 knowledge, that in the north-west corner of Suf- 

 folk, where the country is almost entirely open, 



