Dec. 6. 1851.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



445 



summary account of the whole proceedings will be 

 found in Maitland's History of London, vol. i. i)p. 473 



— 4S4.] 



St. Alkald. — Upon looking over a sheet of the 

 Ordnance Jlap lately published, on which part of 

 the parish of Giggleswick is laid down, I find that 

 the patron saint, to whom the church is dedicated, 

 is St. Alkald. No calendar that I have access to 

 mentions any such saint. I shall be obliged by 

 any of your correspondents giving me some ac- 

 count of him, or referring me to any book where 

 I may read his history. F. W. J. 



[In The Calendar of the Anglican Church Illustrated, 

 published by Parker oC Oxford, p. 181., our querist will 

 find 



" S. Alkald or Alkilda was commemorated March 28. 

 The church of Giggleswick, Yorkshire, is named in 

 honour of this saint, and the Collegiate Church of 

 Middleham in the same county in the joint names of 

 SS. Mavy and Alkald."] 



PLAIDS AND TARTANS. 



(Vol. iv., p. 107.) 



I am not going to enter into the controversy 

 respecting the antiquity of the Highland kilt and 

 tartans, nor when and where they were invented. 

 But in reference to these questions, I beg leave to 

 cite a passage, which may be found in the second 

 book of the History of Tacitus, in which is desig- 

 nateii a garb having a very tlistinct analogy to tlie 

 trews and tartans of the Highland chiefs. 



In lib. ii. sec. xx. the return of Caecina from 

 Germany into Italy is thus described : — 



" At Ccecina, velut relicta post Alpes ssevitia ac li- 

 centia, modesto agmiiie per Italiam incessit. Ornatiim 

 ipsius, municipia et coloniic in superbiam trahebant, 

 quod versicolore sagulo, hruccas tegmen barbarum, in- 

 dutus, togatos adloqueretur." 



Ctecina and Valens had been the Imperial 

 " Legati" in Upper Germanv, and the former is 

 thus described in lib. i. sec. liii. : — 



" hi \n superiore Germanifi, Ctecina decora ju- 

 venta, corpore ingens, aiiiiiii iinmodicus, scito sermone, 

 erecto rncessu studia militum inlexerat." 



So it seems that this handsome Roman, "great 

 in stature," and " graceful in youth," thouirht 

 (like many of our modern fine gentlemen when 

 they get among the hilis) the partycoloured plaid 

 and barbarian clotiiing so extremely l)ec(jmii)g, 

 that he was determined to set the fasliion of 

 wearing it in Italy, and actually was inti-epid 

 enough to appear like a male I}li)omer before the 

 astonished eyes of the " Togati," and to answer 

 the addresses of the "Municipia" and "Coloniae" 

 ctad in this outlandish costume. 



I leave to more learned anti(juaries the task of 

 tracing this Celtic habit, "in superiore Germania," 



into the Scottish Highlands. For myself, I have 

 little doubt that from the earliest division of the 

 community into septs or clans, the chiefs .assumed 

 the pattern (jf this " tegmen versicolor " which 

 best pleased them, and in course of time the pat- 

 tern distinguished the wearers as belonging to 

 such and such chiefs. As to the kilt, in all proba- 

 bility it was the apology for nudity. 



Tlie chiefs wore the trews, the humbler vassals 

 or serfs either wore no nether garments at all,_ or 

 covered their loins with a scanty apron, which, 

 gradually comprising more ample folds, has been 

 modernised into the kilt. 



But I beg leave to put forward these specula- 

 tions with all possible modesty, feeling quite in- 

 adequate to discuss such momentous matters from 

 hmw only A Borderer. 



120,000,000 



40,000,000 



36,000.000 



4,000,000 



70,000,000 



400,000,000 



RELIGIOUS STATISTICS. 



(Vol. iv., p. 382.) 



I have a memorandum (not dated) which states 

 that M. Pradt, in his work on Ancient and Modern 

 Jesuitism, gives curious calculations on the re- 

 ligious statistics of the world. The terrestrial 

 gfobe, he estimates, contains 670,000,000 inhabi- 

 tants, who are thus divided : — 



Catholics - - - 



Protestants and their dependants 



Of the Greek Church 



Jews . . - 



MahomeJans 



Idolators - - - 



Of these, China ailone, according to the most 

 probable accounts, contains 300,000,000. 



An elaborate, valuable, and now, I believe, a 

 scarce work, entitled The Consumption of Public 

 Wealth by the Clergy of every Christian Nation, 

 &c. (published by Effingham Wilson in 1822), 

 among details, founded on authorities of repute, 

 and which are named, gives for each nation, 

 "France," "Scotland" (its Kirk), "Spain," "Por- 

 tuguese Church," "Hungarian Churches," "Clergy 

 in Italy," " Clemv in Austria," " Clergy in Prus- 

 sia," "Clergy in Russia," "England and Wales," 

 " Established Cluirch Property Ireland," &c. &c., 

 the particulars required by Q. E. D. For instance, 

 under the heading " Hungarian Churches," we are 

 preliminarily told that — 



" Hungary contains about 8,003,000 people of various 

 religious persuasions, who live happily togetlier ever 

 since the days of that excellent Emperor Joseph II. 

 He laboured resolutely and successfully, in spite of the 

 bigots of his own religion by whom he was surrounded, 

 to root out the evils of religious discord from his do- 

 minions ; and lie left, as a glorious legacy to his people, 

 for which his memory will be ever dear, the blessings 

 of concord and harmony between his sulijects of ail 

 denominations." 



